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回顾了廿世纪初到现在有关盐度定义及计算方法的整个历史,讨论了目前实际存在的困难,特别是关于现场CTD观测结果的换算。一九七八年实用盐标试图克服这些缺点,并已被推荐为国际上采用的标度。新盐标的基础是一个电导率比值的方程,该电导率比为海水样品与标准氯化钾溶液(KCl)在15℃,一个大气压下的电导率的比值,样品是用重量法由蒸馏水稀释和蒸发标准海水制备的。最后,给出了CTD数据换算的新方程组,论述其根据的著作将在本卷另文发表。
The whole history of the definition and calculation of salinity from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present is reviewed. The current difficulties in existence are discussed, especially regarding the conversion of on-site CTD observations. Practical salt standards in 1978 sought to overcome these shortcomings and have been recommended as internationally adopted scales. The new salt standard is based on an equation of conductivity ratio that is the ratio of the conductivity of the seawater sample to the standard potassium chloride solution (KCl) at 15 ° C and one atmosphere. The sample is gravimetrically diluted with distilled water and Evaporation of standard seawater prepared. Finally, a new set of equations for the conversion of CTD data is given, and the book on which the discussion is based will be published separately in this volume.