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海南岛东岸文昌、琼海县境内的沙老珊瑚岸礁是环海南岛现代岸礁中规模最大的礁区。岸礁基底为花岗岩,沿岸是万泉河冲积平原区。该区水文、气象因素基本适应珊瑚岸礁的发育. 礁区可分下列沉积相带:1)原生礁体相——由保持生长势的珊瑚骨架和充填于骨架中的生物碎屑组成,它们巳粘结成礁块粘结岩;2)礁坪相——自海向岸可分边缘浅滩、礁坪外带和礁坪内带,主要由生物碎屑堆积而成;3)海滩相——由拍岸浪形成的冲流和回流将礁坪上的生物碎屑和陆上带来的陆源碎屑堆积而成,有滩肩的海滩上部沉积物受到风的改造;4)沿岸砂堤相——拍岸浪的冲流把海滩沙推向高处堆积而成;5)泻湖和沼泽相——位于两道平行砂堤间,由生物碎屑和陆源碎屑堆积而成。
The old sand coral reefs in Wenchang and Qionghai County on the east coast of Hainan Island are the largest reefs in the modern shore reefs around Hainan Island. Coastal reef basement is granite, along the Wanquan River alluvial plain area. The hydrological and meteorological factors in this area are basically adapted to the development of the coral shore and reef.The reefs can be divided into the following sedimentary facies: 1) The primary reef phase consists of the coral skeleton that keeps growth potentials and the biological debris that is filled in the skeleton Has been bonded into reef blocks of cohesive rock; 2) reefs facies - from the sea to the shore can be divided into edge shoal, reef Ping and reef within the belt, mainly by the accumulation of biological debris; 3) beach phase - Fluctuations and backflows formed by the shoreline waves are made by accumulating biological debris from the reefs and terrestrial debris from the land. The upper sediments on the beach with the beach shoulder are reformed by the wind. 4) - beat the waves of beach waves to the beach sand piled up from the height; 5) lagoon and swamp phase - located between two parallel sand embankment, by biological debris and terrigenous debris accumulation.