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对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)所致免疫缺陷性疾病艾滋病(AIDS)临床征象的认识大约有13年。1983年分离出第一株病毒(HIV-1)并建立了HIV诊断方法,目前诊断方法进一步得到了改进与完善。欧洲除了HIV-1及其6个亚型A～E和O之外,也有HIV-2流行。HIV-2可分为两个亚型,但不如HIV-1亚型之间易于区别。HIV-2于1985年首次分离出。正常情况下各种病毒亚型与另一种亚型的抗原物质有很好的交叉反应,但 HIV-1和HIV-2血清学的差别要求同时使用两种病毒抗原进行检测。
About 13 years have passed since the clinical signs of AIDS, an immunodeficiency disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first strain of virus (HIV-1) was isolated in 1983 and a diagnostic method for HIV was established. At present, the diagnostic methods have been further improved and improved. In addition to HIV-1 and its six subtypes A to E and O in Europe, there is also a HIV-2 epidemic. HIV-2 can be divided into two subtypes, but not as easily distinguishable as HIV-1 subtypes. HIV-2 was first isolated in 1985. Under normal circumstances, each virus subtypes cross-react with antigenic substances of another subtype, but the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 serology requires the simultaneous detection of two viral antigens.