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野外勘测、施工控制等测定土壤含水量,因受时间和条件的限制只能应用简单用具的快速测定方法。本文介绍一种速测土壤含水量的硫酸注射法,该法比之目前普遍运用的酒精燃烧等方法,更能缩短测定的时间(约缩短6倍),若在试验室无电时,亦可采用硫酸注射测定土壤含水量,不致影响试验成果的获得。 一、测定方法的原理 纯净的硫酸,是无色似油状的液体,成分为93.56～95.60％,比重为1.830～1.835。能以任何比例溶解于水。在溶于水时,由于硫酸分子和水分子发生反应之后生成一种相当稳定的化合物,而产生高热。 当以一定量的硫酸加入水中时,水的温度必定上升。因此,利用在一定量的土壤中加一定量的硫酸,土壤中的水分与硫酸发生作用温度升高的原理,来测定土壤的含水量。
Field survey, construction control and other soil moisture measurement, due to the constraints of time and conditions can only be used to determine the rapid method of simple appliances. This paper introduces a rapid determination of soil moisture by injection of sulfuric acid, the method than the current widespread use of alcohol combustion and other methods, can shorten the determination of the time (about 6 times shorter), if the laboratory is no electricity, or Determination of soil moisture using sulfuric acid injection, will not affect the test results obtained. First, the determination of the principle Pure sulfuric acid is a colorless, oily liquid, composition of 93.56 ~ 95.60%, the proportion of 1.830 ~ 1.835. Dissolve in water in any ratio. When dissolved in water, a high level of heat is generated due to the formation of a relatively stable compound after reaction of the sulfuric acid molecule with water molecules. When a certain amount of sulfuric acid added to water, the water temperature must rise. Therefore, the use of a certain amount of soil plus a certain amount of sulfuric acid, soil moisture and the role of sulfuric acid temperature rise principle to determine soil moisture content.