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目的:了解长沙市青春期儿童肥胖与血压的关系,为预防青春期儿童高血压提供依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,随机抽取长沙市18所中学生,对其初一至高二的全部学生进行血压和体格测量,并进行血压和营养状况的评价。结果:(1)18922名12～17岁儿童青少年中,检出患高血压者1276人,占6.7%,男、女生检出率分别为7.6%和5.8%;(2)肥胖组各个年龄段收缩压和舒张压平均水平均显著高于同性别同龄儿童的收缩压和舒张压平均水平,且差异有显著性。(3)男、女生和所有儿童合计分析,均显示肥胖组儿童的高血压检出率明显高于对于对照组,且差异有显著性。结论:长沙市12～17岁青春期儿童高血压发生率处于中等水平;青春期儿童血压水平与肥胖密切相关,肥胖是青春期儿童高血压的重要危险因素。
Objective: To understand the relationship between obesity and blood pressure in adolescent children in Changsha City, and to provide basis for prevention of hypertension in adolescent children. Methods: A random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 18 middle school students from Changsha City. Blood pressure and physical measurements were taken for all the students from the first to the second grade. Blood pressure and nutritional status were also evaluated. Results: (1) Among the 18,822 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old, 1276 were diagnosed as having hypertension, accounting for 6.7%. The detection rates of male and female were 7.6% and 5.8% respectively. (2) The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher than the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children of the same gender, and the difference was significant. (3) The combined analysis of male, female and all children showed that the detection rate of hypertension in obese children was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in adolescent aged 12 to 17 years in Changsha is moderate. Adolescent blood pressure is closely related to obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for adolescent hypertension.