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目的：比较瑶药竹柏果皮和果壳中挥发油成分,并对两部位的挥发油进行抗肿瘤活性研究。方法应用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从竹柏果皮和果壳中提取挥发油,并结合气相色谱-质谱法分析其化学成分；采用噻唑蓝( MTT)法分别对果皮和果壳挥发油进行抗肿瘤活性研究。结果竹柏果皮挥发油收率为0.23%,分离出21种成分,鉴定18种,主要含有石竹烯,占挥发油总量的72.44%；竹柏果壳挥发油收率为0.15%,分离出15种成分,鉴定其中13种,与果皮共有4种成分；竹柏果皮和果壳挥发油对鼻咽癌细胞均具有抑制增殖活性,半数抑制浓度分别为54.58和114.83μg·mL-1,果皮挥发油抑制活性较强。结论从竹柏果皮和果壳中提取挥发油主要成分为烯类、醇类、萜类,其中果皮挥发油具有较强的抗肿瘤活性。“,”Objective To compare the volatile constituents and anti-tumor activity from the peel and shell parts of Podocarpus nageia fruits. Methods Steam distillation was used for extracting volatile oil from the peel and nutshell of Podocarpus nageia, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was exploited to compare the chemical compositions. Their anti-tumor activities were studied by the MTT assay. Results The yield of volatile oil from nageia peel was 0. 23%. 21 kinds of composition were isolated and 18 kinds were identified, the main composition was caryophyllene, accounting for 72. 44% contents of the total volatile oil. The volatile oil from nageia nutshell was 0. 15%. 15 kinds of composition were isolated and 13 species were identified from the nutshell. 4 compositions were found in both two parts. The volatile oil from both of nageia peel and nutshell inhibitted nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells proliferation in vitro, and the IC50 were 54. 58 and 114. 83 μg·mL-1 , which indicated that the volatile oil from the peel showed stronger inhibitory activity. Conclusion The main components in the volatile oil from nageia fruit are alkenes, alcohols and terpenes. The volatile oil extracted from peel shows comparable stronger anti-tumor activity.