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[目的]研究飞机制造业噪声对作业工人听力的损伤情况,为采取防护措施,保护作业工人听力提供科学依据。[方法]对成都市某公司试飞、民机、铆工3个工种共759名作业工人进行调查,其中男性609人,女性150人,年龄在20～60岁,工龄在1～44年。由专职医师在隔音室内对作业工人进行双耳纯音听力测定,同时对3个工种作业环境的噪声强度、气温、气湿、风速进行监测。所得数据采用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。[结果]试飞、民机、铆工3个工种作业噪声强度均超过国家卫生标准,而气温、气湿、风速均符合国家卫生标准。3个工种作业工人听力损伤率分别为7.2%、25.4%、18.9%,三者差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),但无性别差异;试飞及民机作业工人听力损伤率均随工龄增加而升高。[结论]当前飞机制造业噪声对作业工人听力的损伤情况严重,建议进行技术改革,降低作业环境噪声强度,加强作业工人个体防护,以便更好地保护作业工人的身体健康。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the damage to the working workers’ hearing caused by aircraft manufacturing noise and provide a scientific basis for taking protective measures and protecting hearing workers. [Method] A total of 759 workers who took part in flight, civil aircraft and riveting were investigated in Chengdu, including 609 males and 150 females, aged from 20 to 60 and working for 1 to 44 years. Full-time physicians in the soundproof room operators of binaural pure tone audiometry, at the same time on the three working environment noise intensity, temperature, humidity, wind speed monitoring. The data obtained using SPSS13.0 statistical analysis. [Result] The noise intensities of three types of work such as test flight, civil aircraft and riveting work surpassed the national sanitary standards, while the temperature, humidity and air velocity all conformed to the national sanitary standards. The hearing loss rate of three trades workers was 7.2%, 25.4% and 18.9%, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.01), but no gender difference. The hearing loss rate of test workers and civil aircraft workers increased with the increase of seniority And rise. [Conclusions] At present, the noise of aircraft manufacturing industry damages hearing workers severely. It is suggested that technical reform should be carried out to reduce the noise intensity of working environment and enhance the individual protection of workers in order to better protect the health of workers.