论文部分内容阅读
目的分析广州市海珠区2005—2011年麻疹流行病学特征,评估政府启动的综合性预防控制措施对控制麻疹疫情的效果,为制定消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法通过国家法定传染病大疫情报告系统收集麻疹疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析海珠区2005—2011年麻疹流行病学特征及预防控制措施的效能。结果海珠区2005—2011年麻疹发病1 368例,4—8月为高发季节;病例以外来人口为主,占总病例数82.60%;无免疫史和免疫史不详的病例占总病例数88.30%;2005—2007年发病率逐年上升,2007年升至顶峰(发病率高达48.26/10万)。区政府采取综合性预防控制措施后,2007—2011年发病率逐年下降,2011年发病率迅速降至0.20/10万,且≥15岁成人组和<8月龄组人群逐渐成为麻疹主要发病人群。结论人群免疫空白是麻疹高发的主要因素。政府近年采取的麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)强化免疫和查漏补种的综合性预防控制措施取得显著效果。为达到消除麻疹的目标,应继续提高易感人群MV免疫覆盖率,重点强化外来人口的综合管理,推进成人MV强化免疫,加强麻疹监测,控制医院内感染和开展预防控制和消除麻疹的应用性研究。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2005 to 2011 in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City and evaluate the effect of comprehensive prevention and control measures initiated by the government on the control of measles epidemics so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating measles elimination strategies. Methods Epidemic data of measles were collected through the national system of reporting the large epidemic of notifiable infectious diseases. The epidemiological characteristics of measles and the preventive and control measures of measles in Haizhu District from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The incidence of measles in 2005-2011 in Haizhu District was 1 368 cases, with a high incidence in April-August. The cases were mainly of non-native population, accounting for 82.60% of all the cases. Unknown cases of immunization history and immunization history accounted for 88.30% . The incidence increased from 2005 to 2007 year by year and peaked in 2007 (the incidence was as high as 48.26 / 100 000). District government to take comprehensive preventive and control measures, the incidence of 2007-2011 decreased year by year, the incidence dropped rapidly in 2011 to 0.20 / 100,000, and ≥ 15-year-old adults and <8-month-old population gradually become the main incidence of measles . Conclusion The population immunization blank is the main factor of high incidence of measles. In recent years, the government has taken measles vaccine attenuated live vaccine (MV) to strengthen immunity and leak detection and replant comprehensive prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable results. In order to achieve the goal of eliminating measles, we should continue to increase the coverage of MV immunization in susceptible populations, with emphasis on strengthening the comprehensive management of migrants, promoting the enhancement of adult MV immunity, strengthening measles surveillance, controlling nosocomial infections and preventing and controlling measles the study.