黑素瘤是一种侵袭性很强的皮肤恶性肿瘤，具有快速生长和早期转移的特点，目前的治疗仍以手术切除为主。黑素瘤在早期诊断、彻底切除方面仍然存在一些挑战，影响患者的预后。目前荧光探针在黑素瘤的诊断、手术切除、前哨淋巴结定位及切除等方面均取得长足的进步，具有化学稳定性好、不良反应少、特异性高、准确率高、可视化等优点，可为黑素瘤的诊治提供新的思路。“,”Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant skin tumor characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Surgical resection is currently still the main treatment. There are still some challenges in the early diagnosis and thorough surgical resection of melanoma, which affect the prognosis of patients. To date, great progress has been made in the application of fluorescent probes to the diagnosis and surgical resection of, as well as sentinel lymph node localization and resection in melanoma. Fluorescent probes have advantages of good chemical stability, less adverse effects, high specificity, high accuracy and visualization, and may provid new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.