目的：进一步探讨先天性斜颈的病理变化特征。方法：采用ＨＥ染色、电镜、免疫组化技术进行观察。结果：ＨＥ染色示病变不同程度的间质增生。电镜发现在增生的间质中不仅有成纤维细胞，而且有肌母细胞、间充质样细胞和肌成纤维细胞。在有肿块的患儿，结蛋白、α－平滑肌肌动蛋白和肌动蛋白的阳性率较高。波形纤维蛋白示间质有不同程度的增生。结论：进一步确认间质中有肌母细胞存在，肿块具有分化成熟能力，肌成纤维细胞在病理变化中有重要作用。 Objective: To further explore the pathological features of congenital torticollis. Methods: HE staining, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to observe. Results: HE staining showed different degrees of interstitial hyperplasia. Electron microscopy found not only in the proliferation of interstitial fibroblasts, but also myoblasts, mesenchymal cells and myofibroblasts. In children with lumps, the positive rate of desmin, α-smooth muscle actin and actin is high. Waveform fibrin showed interstitial hyperplasia to varying degrees. Conclusion: It is further confirmed that there are myoblasts in stroma, the lumps have differentiation and maturation ability, and myofibroblasts play an important role in pathological changes.