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通过对马克思各阶段文本的研究可以发现,马克思的生态思想经历了三个发展阶段,即经验层面的生态思想、哲学层面的生态思想以及经济学层面的生态思想。在这一演变历程中,最为关键的是从哲学层面到经济学层面的转换。这是马克思自然观从理论到实践、从抽象到具体的回归,体现着从解释世界到改造世界的转变。发生这一转变的根本原因在于对资本主义进行批判以及对未来社会进行设想的需要。
Through the study of all stages of Marx’s texts, it can be found that Marx’s ecological thinking has gone through three stages of development: the ecological thinking at the empirical level, the ecological ideology at the philosophical level, and the ecological ideology at the economic level. In this evolutionary process, the most crucial is the conversion from the philosophical level to the economic level. This is the transformation of Marx’s view of nature from theory to practice, from abstract to concrete, and from the interpretation of the world to the transformation of the world. The fundamental reason for this shift is the need to critique capitalism and envision the future of society.