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目的:了解珠海市3岁以下儿童生长迟缓的流行病学特征及主要影响因素。方法:采取整群全部抽样的方法对珠海市儿童保健管理信息系统中某年度出生的3岁以下5 173名儿童纵向生长资料进行描述性分析,采用2006年WHO公布的儿童生长发育参考值作为评价标准;采用病例对照研究的方法,对珠海市178名2~3岁生长迟缓儿童和178名2~3岁非生长迟缓儿童的生长迟缓危险因素进行调查,并进行单因素和多元逐步回归Logistic回归分析。结果:珠海市0岁~、1岁~、2~3岁总的儿童生长迟缓发生率分别是3.8%、3.8%和3.9%,优于全国同类城市水平。不同区各年龄组儿童生长迟缓发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.88,P<0.05;χ2=91.99,P<0.05;χ2=131.19,P<0.05),珠海西部地区儿童生长迟缓发生率比较高。各年龄组内男童与女童生长迟缓发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5 173名儿童3年间共检出420例生长迟缓儿,其中2岁以下发病321例(76.4%),2岁及以上发病99例(23.6%)。2岁内的生长迟缓儿有31.8%超过2岁仍然生长迟缓。与2~3岁儿童生长迟缓相关的影响因素有早产、小于胎龄儿、低体重、厌食、父亲或母亲身高不良、有矮小家族史等。结论:2岁内是儿童生长迟缓的高发年龄。需加强重点地区重点人群生长迟缓的预防保健工作,组建儿童保健、营养、小儿内分泌多学科专家团队对生长迟缓儿进行系统干预治疗。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and main influencing factors of growth retardation in children under 3 years of age in Zhuhai. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to describe the longitudinal growth data of 5 173 children under 3 years of age in Zhuhai Children’s Health Management Information System. The 2006 WHO reference value of children’s growth and development was used as the evaluation Standard case-control study of risk factors of growth retardation in 178 children aged 2 to 3 years old and 178 children aged 2 to 3 years without growth retardation were investigated in Zhuhai City, and single factor and multiple stepwise regression Logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of stunting in Zhuhai was 3.8%, 3.8% and 3.9% respectively for children aged 0 ~ 1 years old and 2 ~ 3 years old, which was better than that of similar cities in China. The growth retardation rate of children in different age groups was significantly different (χ2 = 17.88, P <0.05; χ2 = 91.99, P <0.05; χ2 = 131.19, P <0.05) Higher. There was no significant difference in the incidence of stunting between boys and girls in all age groups (P> 0.05). A total of 420 children with growth retardation were detected in 5 173 children, 321 (76.4%) under 2 years of age and 99 (23.6%) at age 2 and over. Growth retardation within 2 years 31.8% of children over 2 years old Still stunted. And 2 to 3 years old children with growth retardation-related factors are premature, less than gestational age children, low body weight, anorexia, poor father or mother, a small family history. Conclusion: Within 2 years of age is a high incidence of growth retardation in children. Need to strengthen key areas of key population growth retardation of preventive health care, the formation of child health, nutrition, pediatric endocrine multidisciplinary team of experts for the treatment of children with growth retardation intervention.