抗菌素治疗常发生腹泻,而某种抗菌素,尤其是氯林可霉素,可引起伪膜性结肠炎。最近意见集中于由顽固性梭状芽胞杆菌产生的细胞病肠毒素作为其病因,因此,治疗旨在消灭此种顽固性梭状芽胞杆菌。已成功地使用万古霉素,但难于制成口服剂。本文介绍口服灭滴灵(metronidazole)成功地治疗2例氯林可霉素诱发的结肠炎。病例1:女,28岁。既往无胃肠功能紊乱病史,因修补股疝而住院。术前6天,由于牙周炎口服氯林可霉素1周(每6小时250mg)。术后36小时发热、绞痛、下腹痛伴排水样、带血便,粪便培养有顽固性梭状芽胞杆菌,粪便中并有高滴度肠毒素(1/2000)。口服灭滴灵开始每8小时400mg,共5天。其后减量 Antibiotics often have diarrhea, and some antibiotics, especially clindamycin, can cause pseudomembranous colitis. Recent opinions have focused on the cytopathic enterotoxin produced by Clostridium difficile as its etiology and as a result, the treatment aims to eradicate this intractable Clostridia. Vancomycin has been used successfully, but it is difficult to make oral preparations. This article describes the successful treatment of 2 clindamycin-induced colitis with oral metronidazole. Case 1: Female, 28 years old. Past history of gastrointestinal disorders, hospitalized for repairing femoral hernia. 6 days before surgery, due to periodontitis oral clindamycin for 1 week (250mg every 6 hours). Thirty-six hours after operation, fever, colic, lower abdominal pain accompanied by drainage, bloody stools, and stool culture were intractable Clostridium difficile, and high titer enterotoxin (1/2000) was present in the stool. Oral metronidazole began every 8 hours 400mg, a total of 5 days. Subtraction thereafter