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根据双基线比相测角的原理,规划出一条短基线与一条较长基线,经过仿真优化确定出三个接收天线之间的间距,最终设计出一款应用于24 GHz汽车防撞雷达且结构较为紧凑的一发三收的微带阵列天线.采用该收发天线进行测角,既可保证最大无模糊测角的范围,也可提高测角的精度.通过采用基于道尔夫-切比雪夫算法加权的串并联混合馈电网络,使该收发天线实现了高增益、低副瓣的特性.最终,对该一发三收天线进行了实物加工.根据实测结果可知:在中心频率24.125 GHz处,该10×4元发射天线与10×2元接收天线的增益分别为23.1 dB与19.3 dB,方位面副瓣电平均小于-20 dB,并且方位面3 dB波束宽度均为8.4°,满足设计需求.“,”According to the method of angle measuring by dual-baseline phase comparison,a short baseline and a long baseline are planed and then through simulation and optimization,the distance between the three receiving antennas is determined.Finally,a compact microstrip array antenna of 24 GHz with one transmitting antenna and three receiving antennas applied in automotive collision avoidance radar is designed.Using the transceiving antennas to measure angle,not only the range of the maximum unambiguous angle,but also the high-precision of angle measurement are obtained.By using the series and parallel hybrid microstrip feed network which is degsined with the Dolph-Chebyshev weighting method,the high gain and low sidelobe characteristics are achieved.Finally,one transmitting antenna and three receiving antennas are fabricated and the measurement results show that,at the center frequency of 24.125 GHz,the gain of the transmitting antenna with 10×4 elements is 23.1 dB and the gain of the receiving antennas with 10×2 elements is 19.3 dB,their sidelobe in the azimuth plane are both less than-20 dB,and the 3 dB beam width are also both 8.4°,which meets the design requirements.