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线粒体是能量代谢中心，通过不断的分裂、融合和转运形成高度互联的线粒体动态网络。均衡的融合/分裂比和精确的分布定位与线粒体自身及神经元生理活动的稳定性密不可分。脓毒症相关性脑病（sepsis associated encephalopathy, SAE）为脓毒症的严重并发症之一，其发病机制复杂，目前尚无确切诊断和治疗方法。近来研究表明线粒体动态网络失衡是SAE进程中的关键病理机制。基于上述研究背景探讨SAE时线粒体动态网络的构成形式和介导的关键分子表达变化以及针对线粒体动态网络治疗SAE的研究进展，以期为SAE诊治提供新思路，为靶向线粒体疗法治疗中枢系统疾病提供新方向。文章主要阐述参与构成线粒体动态网络的3种形式——融合、分裂和转运，以及介导的关键分子，并进一步说明线粒体动态网络稳定及关键分子表达水平对神经元发挥生理功能的意义。“,”Mitochondria act as the center of energy metabolism, which form a highly interconnected dynamic network through continuous fission, fusion and transport. A poised fusion/fission ratio and accurate distribution of mitochondria is closely associated with the steadiness of themselves and neuron physiological activities. Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the severe complications of sepsis, which is difficult to be diagnosed and treated due to complicated pathogenesis intricate. According to recent studies, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamic networks are a pivotal pathological mechanism underlying the development of SAE. Based on the above discussion, the paper explored the changes in the formation of the mitochondrial dynamic network and the expression of the key molecules during SAE, as well as the research progress on the mitochondrial dynamic network in the treatment of SAE. These findings will provide new thoughts for SAE diagnosis and treatment and new guidelines for targeted mitochondrial therapy in the treatment of central system diseases. The article principally focuses on fusion, fission and transport, the three types of formation of the mitochondrial dynamic network, and the key mediating molecules. Furthermore, the effects that the stability of the mitochondrial dynamic network and the expression of these key molecules exert on the physiological function of neurons were discussed.