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随着全球经济一体化,特别是我国加入世贸组织后,农产品贸易自由化趋势逐渐明朗。中国作为一个人口大国,耕地资源、淡水资源匮乏,这一特征决定了我国解决粮食问题,必须充分利用国际粮食资源和粮食市场。通过进出口交换,实现国内粮食的总量和结构平衡是我国粮食宏观调控的重要措施。一、我国粮食进出口贸易的主要特征我国是世界上的粮食生产大国,也是世界粮食贸易中的重要成员。从建国至上世纪60年代,我国是粮食(包括大豆,下同)净出口国。60年代至70年代,由于国内粮食供需矛盾突出,我国基本是粮食净进口国,平均每
With the global economic integration, especially after China’s accession to the WTO, the trade liberalization trend of agricultural products is becoming clearer. As a big populous country, China has a shortage of arable land and freshwater resources. This characteristic determines that our country should solve the grain problem and must make full use of the international grain resources and food markets. Through the exchange of import and export, realizing the balance of domestic grain output and structure is an important measure for macro-control of grain in our country. First, the main features of China’s grain import and export trade China is the world’s major food producer, but also an important member of the world food trade. From the founding of our country to the 1960s, our country is a net exporter of grain (including soybeans, the same below). From the 1960s to the 1970s, due to the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of grain in our country, our country is basically a net food importer with an average of