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肾移植是儿童终末期肾功能衰竭的选择性治疗。良好的移植肾功能对儿童生活质量的改善远较透析疗法优越。目前,通过常规透析可使儿童接近正常身体状况和智力发育,可不干扰学校和职业培训。有严重全身性疾患或先天性泌尿道畸形的儿童,由于透析治疗的持续而得以生存。因此,在器官分配平等权利的情况下,必须要充分考虑到等待肾移植的儿童有上升趋势这一状况。80年代以来,新的免疫抑制药物和组织相容性使移植肾的存活时间明显提高,从而使儿童肾移植得到了很大的发展。文献报告,移植肾10年存活时间为81％～97％。肾移植术后远期效果观察表明,使用亲属供肾的儿童移植肾功能的远期效果与成人相同;而儿童接受尸体供肾的功能略逊于成人。根据北美儿童肾移植中心的报道,1年内移植肾有功能者,儿童为74％,成人达90％。
Kidney transplantation is a selective treatment of end-stage renal failure in children. Good graft function improves children’s quality of life far better than dialysis. At present, children can be brought close to normal physical and intellectual development through routine dialysis without disturbing school and vocational training. Children with severe systemic or congenital urinary tract deformities survive due to the continuation of dialysis treatment. Therefore, given the equal distribution rights of organs, full consideration must be given to the upward trend of children waiting for kidney transplants. Since the 1980s, new immunosuppressive drugs and histocompatibility have significantly increased the survival time of renal transplant recipients, resulting in a great development of kidney transplants in children. Reported in the literature, 10-year graft survival time was 81% to 97%. Long-term results after kidney transplantation showed that the long-term effects of renal function in children with relative donor kidneys were the same as those in adults; whereas children received lesser renal function than adults. According to the North American Kidney Transplant Center, 74% of children and 90% of adults have renal transplant recipients in a year.