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目的通过对不同等级变电站作业环境工频电磁场强度比较分析,探讨其职业健康的风险。方法典型抽取110 kV和220 kV变电站各2个,500 kV变电站1个,按照DL/T 988-2005,采用德国PMM8053电磁场测量仪,EHP-50工频电磁场探头对各作业点进行布点测量。依据2010年国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)限值分析不同等级变电站超标情况。结果 192个被测作业点,16.15%(31个作业点)电场强度超过限值要求,磁场强度除500 kV变电站1个作业点磁场强度超过限值要求,其余测点均符合限值要求。110 kV变电站有52个作业点电场强度均符合限值要求;220 kV变电站8.3%(5个作业点)电场强度超过限值要求;550 kV变电站有32.5%(26个作业点)电场强度超过限值的要求。3组超标率有显著性差异(χ2=28.52,P<0.01),电压等级越高超标率越高,相关系数为0.38(P<0.01)。结论高压变电站工频电场广泛存在,电压等级越高健康风险越大,500 kV变电站超标情况较严重,作业人员健康风险大,需要采取相应的防控措施。
Objective To compare and analyze the power frequency electromagnetic field strength in working environment of substations with different grades to explore the risk of occupational health. Methods A total of 2 110 kV and 220 kV substations and 1 500 kV substation were extracted. The distribution points were measured at each working point according to DL / T 988-2005 using German PMM8053 electromagnetic field measuring instrument and EHP-50 power frequency electromagnetic field probe. According to the 2010 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limit analysis of substandard substandard different levels. Results The electric field strength of 192 tested work points and 16.15% (31 work points) exceeded the limit requirement. The magnetic field intensity exceeded the limit requirement of 1 work point of 500 kV substation, and the other test points met the limit requirements. The electric field intensity of 52 work points in 110 kV substations met the limit requirements; the electric field strength of 8.3% (5 work points) in 220 kV substations exceeded the limit requirements; and the electric field strength of 32.5% (26 work points) in 550 kV substations exceeded the limit Value requirements. There was a significant difference between the three groups (χ2 = 28.52, P <0.01). The higher the voltage level was, the higher the over standard rate was. The correlation coefficient was 0.38 (P <0.01). Conclusion The high frequency electric field of HV substations is widespread. The higher the voltage level is, the higher the health risk is. The more serious the 500 kV substations are over standard, and the health risks of the operators are high, and corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.