论文部分内容阅读
英语的否定包括形式上的否定和意义上的否定。否定的形式不一定都表达否定的意义，否定的意义也可以通过肯定的形式表达出来。
本文就英语中的否定进行分类和归纳，探索英语中否定的表达法，从而加深对英语否定的理解。
一、 词缀表示否定
1） He is unwilling to help me. 他不愿意帮助我。
2）They usually disagree with each other.他们常常意见不和。
3）She suffers from indigestion.她因消化不良而痛苦不已。
4）Misunderstanding exists among them. 他们之间存在着误会。
5）I’d like a cup of fat-free milk. 我想要杯无脂牛奶。
6）It’s a groundless rumor. 那是一个没根据的传闻。
二、 形容词表示否定
1） He is a man ignorant of the law. 他不懂法。
2）This operation is quite free from danger.
这个手术一点都不危险。
3）He is reluctant to accept my proposal.他不愿意接受我的提议。
4） Your excuse is pretty thin.你的借口很不充分。
5） Owing to the typhoon, crops are short. 由于刮台风，庄稼收成不好。
6） The situation in the Middle East is fluid.
中东的形势动荡不安。
7）His work is inferior to mine.他的工作不如我。
8）When the cat is away, the mice will play.猫儿不在，老鼠作怪。
9）I am sorry , all sales are final.
很抱歉，货物出门，概不退货。
三、 副词表示否定
1）I could hardly believe what he said.我几乎不相信他讲的话。
2）This is the least interesting among his novels.
这是他所有小说中最没趣的一本。
3）She seldom made such mistakes.她很少犯这种错误。
4）She is over 70,but she carried her years lightly.
虽然她已七十多岁了，但并不显老。
5）I knew little about literature.我对文学几乎一无所知。
6）Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们迫切需要的，而许多人却最不善利用。
四、 动词表示否定
1）I failed to convince him of his error.我没能说服他改正错误。
2）The door refused to lock.门怎么也锁不上。
3）The exact date slipped my mind.
确切的日期我想不起来了。
4）He denied the prisoners food and water.
他不给犯人食物和水。
5）Your name eludes me.我想不起你的名字来。
6）The rain prevented us from playing football.
由于下雨，我们不能踢足球。
7）I hate spiders.我不喜欢蜘蛛。
8）I missed the last train.我没赶上最后一班火车。
9）Stop beating around the bush, tell me the truth.
不要兜圈子了，把真相告诉我。
10）I neglected to write to you.我忘记写信给你了。
五、 介词表示否定
1）He is above such mean actions.
他不屑于做这种卑鄙的事情。
2）What I said is beyond a joke.我不是在开玩笑。
3）The ship has a crew of 28,excluding officers.
船上有乘员28人，不包括军官。
4） The watch is out of beat.表走的不准。
5）Copies always fall below the original. 复印件总是不如原件。
6）Under 50 people were present.
出席者不足50人。
7）His answer is beside the mark.他的回答文不对题。
8）The person who is behind time is usually behind success.
不守时的人通常不会成功。
9）Keep off the lawn! 勿践踏草地！
六、 连词表示否定
1）He went away before I could say anything.
我还没来得及说，他就走了。
2）I’ll go there unless it rains.如果天不下雨，我就去。
3）There is no rule but has exceptions.(= There is no rule which has not exceptions.） 条条规则都有例外。
七、 名词表示否定
1) Russian is all Greek to me.
我对俄语一窍不通。
2）Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.
因为时间不够，未能访问一些国家。
3）This book is a fool to that both in plot and in technique.
这本书无论在情节上还是在技巧上都比不上那本。
4）I fail through lack of efforts.
由于不努力，我失败了。
5）The failure lies in the absence of the leadership.
失败的原因是缺乏领导。
6) Owing to capital scarcity, I can not afford to buy a car.
由于资金不足，我买不起小汽车。
7）We are in total ignorance of his plan.
我们完全不知道他的计划。
八、 词组表示否定
1）I am too excited to fall asleep.我很兴奋，睡不着。
2）You should rely on your brain, rather than your eyes in analyzing the problem.你应该用脑子而不是用眼睛来分析问题。
3）Your answer is far from satisfactory.
你的回答远不能令人满意。
4）He is the other man than I want to see.(= He is not the man that I want to see.)
他不是我想见的人。
5）He is the last man I expected to see.他是我最不想见的人。
6）Your work left much to be desired. （=Your work was imperfect.）
你的工作不尽如人意。
7）He turned a blind eye to his son’s fault.他对他儿子的错误视而不见。
8）The little bridge is anything but safe. (= The little bridge is not safe at all.)小桥一点都不安全。
9）The project is still in the air.这个工程尚未落实。
10）Leave him alone, John.约翰，不要理他。
11）Please stand clear of the gate.
请不要站在门口。
九、 比较级表示否定
1）She has more money than sense.她有钱没脑子。
2）Her beauty is more than I can describe in words.
她非常漂亮，我无法用言语来表达。
3）You ought to know better than to do such things.
你不该做那种事。
4）Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a lion.
宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾。
5） He is less stupid than wise.
与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他精明。
十、 隐含否定
1） Far be it from me to hurt her feeling.我决不会伤害她的感情。
2） Be a sport!别耍赖！
3） Who knows? God knows! (=Nobody knows.）
谁知道？天知道！
4） I’ll eat my hat if I go. (= I shall never go.） （诅咒语）我决不会去的。
5） Take it easy. (=Don’t worry.）别着急。
6） Fancy that!真想不到！
7） Catch me doing that .(= I shall never do that.）
我决不会做那样的事。
8）What do you think of all these programs? 你认为这些节目怎么样？
Well, some are interesting, but others could have been better.
有些很有意思，但其余的就不怎么样。
由此可见，英语中否定的表达除了使用no，not，never 等否定词外，表达方式多种多样，灵活多变。我们在使用这些表达形式时，应仔细分析比较，力求表达清楚正确。
本文就英语中的否定进行分类和归纳，探索英语中否定的表达法，从而加深对英语否定的理解。
一、 词缀表示否定
1） He is unwilling to help me. 他不愿意帮助我。
2）They usually disagree with each other.他们常常意见不和。
3）She suffers from indigestion.她因消化不良而痛苦不已。
4）Misunderstanding exists among them. 他们之间存在着误会。
5）I’d like a cup of fat-free milk. 我想要杯无脂牛奶。
6）It’s a groundless rumor. 那是一个没根据的传闻。
二、 形容词表示否定
1） He is a man ignorant of the law. 他不懂法。
2）This operation is quite free from danger.
这个手术一点都不危险。
3）He is reluctant to accept my proposal.他不愿意接受我的提议。
4） Your excuse is pretty thin.你的借口很不充分。
5） Owing to the typhoon, crops are short. 由于刮台风，庄稼收成不好。
6） The situation in the Middle East is fluid.
中东的形势动荡不安。
7）His work is inferior to mine.他的工作不如我。
8）When the cat is away, the mice will play.猫儿不在，老鼠作怪。
9）I am sorry , all sales are final.
很抱歉，货物出门，概不退货。
三、 副词表示否定
1）I could hardly believe what he said.我几乎不相信他讲的话。
2）This is the least interesting among his novels.
这是他所有小说中最没趣的一本。
3）She seldom made such mistakes.她很少犯这种错误。
4）She is over 70,but she carried her years lightly.
虽然她已七十多岁了，但并不显老。
5）I knew little about literature.我对文学几乎一无所知。
6）Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们迫切需要的，而许多人却最不善利用。
四、 动词表示否定
1）I failed to convince him of his error.我没能说服他改正错误。
2）The door refused to lock.门怎么也锁不上。
3）The exact date slipped my mind.
确切的日期我想不起来了。
4）He denied the prisoners food and water.
他不给犯人食物和水。
5）Your name eludes me.我想不起你的名字来。
6）The rain prevented us from playing football.
由于下雨，我们不能踢足球。
7）I hate spiders.我不喜欢蜘蛛。
8）I missed the last train.我没赶上最后一班火车。
9）Stop beating around the bush, tell me the truth.
不要兜圈子了，把真相告诉我。
10）I neglected to write to you.我忘记写信给你了。
五、 介词表示否定
1）He is above such mean actions.
他不屑于做这种卑鄙的事情。
2）What I said is beyond a joke.我不是在开玩笑。
3）The ship has a crew of 28,excluding officers.
船上有乘员28人，不包括军官。
4） The watch is out of beat.表走的不准。
5）Copies always fall below the original. 复印件总是不如原件。
6）Under 50 people were present.
出席者不足50人。
7）His answer is beside the mark.他的回答文不对题。
8）The person who is behind time is usually behind success.
不守时的人通常不会成功。
9）Keep off the lawn! 勿践踏草地！
六、 连词表示否定
1）He went away before I could say anything.
我还没来得及说，他就走了。
2）I’ll go there unless it rains.如果天不下雨，我就去。
3）There is no rule but has exceptions.(= There is no rule which has not exceptions.） 条条规则都有例外。
七、 名词表示否定
1) Russian is all Greek to me.
我对俄语一窍不通。
2）Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.
因为时间不够，未能访问一些国家。
3）This book is a fool to that both in plot and in technique.
这本书无论在情节上还是在技巧上都比不上那本。
4）I fail through lack of efforts.
由于不努力，我失败了。
5）The failure lies in the absence of the leadership.
失败的原因是缺乏领导。
6) Owing to capital scarcity, I can not afford to buy a car.
由于资金不足，我买不起小汽车。
7）We are in total ignorance of his plan.
我们完全不知道他的计划。
八、 词组表示否定
1）I am too excited to fall asleep.我很兴奋，睡不着。
2）You should rely on your brain, rather than your eyes in analyzing the problem.你应该用脑子而不是用眼睛来分析问题。
3）Your answer is far from satisfactory.
你的回答远不能令人满意。
4）He is the other man than I want to see.(= He is not the man that I want to see.)
他不是我想见的人。
5）He is the last man I expected to see.他是我最不想见的人。
6）Your work left much to be desired. （=Your work was imperfect.）
你的工作不尽如人意。
7）He turned a blind eye to his son’s fault.他对他儿子的错误视而不见。
8）The little bridge is anything but safe. (= The little bridge is not safe at all.)小桥一点都不安全。
9）The project is still in the air.这个工程尚未落实。
10）Leave him alone, John.约翰，不要理他。
11）Please stand clear of the gate.
请不要站在门口。
九、 比较级表示否定
1）She has more money than sense.她有钱没脑子。
2）Her beauty is more than I can describe in words.
她非常漂亮，我无法用言语来表达。
3）You ought to know better than to do such things.
你不该做那种事。
4）Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a lion.
宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾。
5） He is less stupid than wise.
与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他精明。
十、 隐含否定
1） Far be it from me to hurt her feeling.我决不会伤害她的感情。
2） Be a sport!别耍赖！
3） Who knows? God knows! (=Nobody knows.）
谁知道？天知道！
4） I’ll eat my hat if I go. (= I shall never go.） （诅咒语）我决不会去的。
5） Take it easy. (=Don’t worry.）别着急。
6） Fancy that!真想不到！
7） Catch me doing that .(= I shall never do that.）
我决不会做那样的事。
8）What do you think of all these programs? 你认为这些节目怎么样？
Well, some are interesting, but others could have been better.
有些很有意思，但其余的就不怎么样。
由此可见，英语中否定的表达除了使用no，not，never 等否定词外，表达方式多种多样，灵活多变。我们在使用这些表达形式时，应仔细分析比较，力求表达清楚正确。