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自由与理性是构架康德哲学的根本性概念;自由是前提,同时也是落脚点;自由问题既显得必要,同时又把它作为先验范畴化为本体界亦具有不可知性;在以自由为前提下,康德认为理性的自然人必然能够在认识论领域为自然界立法,同时在道德领地一般理性存在者必定出于义务、遵循道德法则进而自我立法。康德伦理学以“自由意志”为前提,意在建立适于一切人类理性的、普遍有效的道德法则,同时对自由的问题保留,使得“上帝存有”与灵魂不朽“理想得以成立,为”至善“理念找到了栖息之地。
Freedom and reason are the basic concepts of Kant’s philosophy. Freedom is the premise and the end point. The question of freedom is necessary, and at the same time, it is also known to be unknowable as the transcendental category into the ontology. On the premise of freedom Kant believes that a rational natural person must be able to legislate in nature in the field of epistemology. At the same time, those who are generally rational in the field of morality must, out of obligation, follow their own moral laws and thus legislate themselves. Kant ’s ethics is premised on ”Free Will “ and aims to establish a universally effective moral law that is suitable for all human rationality, while reserving the issue of freedom so that ”the ideal of God “ and ”immortality “ Was established, found a habitat for ”perfect " concept.