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选育发育速度快、繁殖能力强、中国被毛孢侵染率和冬虫夏草产出率高的寄主昆虫品系是冬虫夏草培植的基础,同时明确冬虫夏草的寄主昆虫蝙蝠蛾退化机制是保证冬虫夏草培植的条件。本文从冬虫夏草产区采集蝙蝠蛾种群种质资源,分别针对蝙蝠蛾发育速度、繁殖能力、中国被毛孢侵染率、冬虫夏草产出率4个方面通过杂交及四代选育,获得新种群(A1),该种群对冬虫夏草繁育环境的适应力强,发育整齐度高,繁育一代的种群扩繁倍数从8.2倍提高至26.3倍;对中国被毛孢的敏感性较好,侵染率高,冬虫夏草产出率从原始种群的11.2%提高至18.5%。同时,仿照高原生态环境长期饲养冬虫夏草的寄主昆虫蝙蝠蛾,其子代出现雌雄比失调、发育历期分化、生殖力降低等退化现象。经过研究分析得知卵孵化率下降的主要原因是雄性的生殖力下降。组织切片观察蝙蝠蛾雄性生殖系统,在幼虫后期、蛹、成虫期会出现生精囊减少及畸形等异常情况,推测此为雄性生殖力降低、卵孵化率下降的生理原因。研究结果为高效、稳定地饲养蝙蝠蛾保证冬虫夏草培植具有重要意义。
The breeding and development of the host is rapid and the reproductive ability is strong. The infection rate of host and the yield of Cordyceps sinensis in China is the basis of Cordyceps sinensis cultivation. At the same time, it is clear that the degradation mechanism of Cordyceps moth is to ensure the cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis. In this paper, bat moth population germplasm resources were collected from Cordyceps sinensis producing areas. The new populations were obtained by crossing and fourth generation breeding in terms of the growth rate and reproductive capacity of bat moths, the infection rate of moths and the yield of Cordyceps sinensis A1). The population has strong adaptability to the breeding environment of Cordyceps sinensis, with high developmental uniformity and population multiplication multiplication of breeding population from 8.2 times to 26.3 times. It is sensitive to C.cerevisiae in China and has high infection rate, Cordyceps output increased from 11.2% of the original population to 18.5%. At the same time, the protozoan bat moth, the host insect for long-term feeding of Cordyceps militaris, modeled on the plateau ecological environment, had degenerative phenomena such as the imbalance of male and female ratio, the differentiation of developmental period and the decrease of fecundity. After research and analysis that the main reason for the decline in egg hatching rate is decreased male fertility. Tissue sections were taken to observe the male reproductive system of the bat moth. Abnormalities of the spermathecae and deformities were observed in late larvae, pupae and adult stages. This is presumed to be the physiological reason for the decrease of male reproductive capacity and egg hatching rate. The research results are of great significance for the efficient and stable feeding of bat moths to ensure the cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis.