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上个世纪六七十年代的教材先教学加、减法的笔算,在学生基本掌握了笔算的计算方法后再带出口算。这样的安排,学生容易养成过分依赖竖式进行计算的不良习惯,有时很简单的题也要在纸上列竖式才算得出来,不利于学生口算能力的培养和提高。而口算是笔算的基础,为了突出对口算能力的培养,1986年以后的教材就改为先教学口算,再教学笔算。这样的安排,学生在学习两位数加一位数的进位加口算和两位数减一位数的退位减口算时,觉得难度很大,经常容易发生错误。
The sixties and seventies of the last century, teaching materials plus teaching, subtraction pen calculations, the basic grasp of the calculation of the students after the calculation method to bring out the mouth count. This arrangement makes it easy for students to develop the undesirable habit of over-reliance on the vertical calculation, and sometimes simple questions must be listed on the paper to form the vertical, which is not conducive to the cultivation and improvement of the students’ ability to account. The mouth is the basis for calculating, in order to highlight the ability to train counterparts, 1986 after the textbook to teach instead of calculating, then teaching pen calculation. In this arrangement, students find it difficult and often easy to make mistakes when studying double-digit and single-digit carry-over and double-digit minus-single-digit abatement.