论文部分内容阅读
Müller细胞是视网膜内最主要的胶质细胞。斑马鱼和鸟类等低等脊椎动物的视网膜Müller细胞具有视网膜前体细胞的特性,当视网膜损伤后,Müller细胞进入细胞周期增殖并分化产生新的视网膜神经细胞。但是哺乳动物视网膜损伤后,Müller细胞活化肥大,几乎不能进入细胞周期,其增殖分化能力大大降低。目前,许多研究机构致力于研究如何促使哺乳动物视网膜Müller细胞增殖并分化为视网膜神经细胞,如光感受器细胞和视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)等,以期可以挽救年龄相关性黄斑变性、青光眼及糖尿病性视网膜病变等患者的视觉损害。以往研究表明,生长因子(EGF,FGF2等)、转录因子(Ascl1a,Atoh)等可通过一些重要的信号通路,如Notch,Wnt,MAPK,Jak/Stat等调控视网膜Müller细胞的增殖及分化。本综述将目前已知的促使Müller细胞增殖和分化的因子及信号通路进行分类阐述,为治疗视网膜神经元损伤致盲疾病的研究提供思路。
Müller cells are the most important glial cells in the retina. Retinal Müller cells of lower vertebrates such as zebra fish and birds have the characteristics of retinal precursor cells. After retinal injury, Müller cells enter the cell cycle to proliferate and differentiate to produce new retinal nerve cells. However, Müller cell activation is hypertrophy and almost can not enter the cell cycle after the mammalian retinal injury, and its proliferation and differentiation ability is greatly reduced. At present, many research institutes devote themselves to studying how to promote the proliferation and differentiation of mammalian retinal Müller cells into retinal nerve cells, such as photoreceptor cells and retinal ganglion cells (RGC), so as to save age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic Retinal lesions and other visual impairment in patients. Previous studies have shown that growth factors (EGF, FGF2, etc.) and transcription factors (Ascl1a, Atoh) can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of retinal Müller cells through some important signaling pathways such as Notch, Wnt, MAPK and Jak / Stat. This review will classify the currently known factors and signaling pathways that promote the proliferation and differentiation of Müller cells and provide ideas for the treatment of blind diseases that cause retinal neuronal damage.