论文部分内容阅读
1970年以前,只有煤矿及铁路工人的安全与卫生曾由联邦政府进行管理,其它工业的安全与卫生,联邦政府没有统一管理。美国五十个州,虽然都有制定安全卫生立法的权力,但是,只有二十个州有这方面的立法。东北部的几个州,如马萨诸塞、纽约、宾夕法尼亚等州的安全法比较严格些,但在大多数州没有什么作用。职业卫生更受到忽视。各州之间没有统一的法规和标准,对于超过或违反标准者也没有任何约束性措施。有些州采用《美国政府工业卫生学家会议》(ACGIH)所推荐的接触有毒物质的阈限值作为指南,但贯彻实施很不力。当时每年因工受伤者达数百万人次,每年因工死亡者达14,000人以上,患职业病的人数没有统计。
Before 1970, only the safety and health of coal miners and railway workers had been administered by the federal government. The safety and health of other industries did not have a unified administration by the federal government. Although all 50 U.S. states have the power to make health and safety legislation, only 20 states have legislation in this area. State laws in the northeastern states such as Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania are more stringent but do not work in most states. Occupational health is even more overlooked. There is no uniform rules and standards between states and no binding measures for those who exceed or violate standards. Some states use guidelines on exposure to toxic substances recommended by the ACGIH as guidelines, but their implementation is not effective. At that time, there were millions of workers injured each year and more than 14,000 people died of work-related accidents each year. Statistics on occupational diseases were not available.