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马克思主义历史决定论的做法是(甲)挑出经济因素作为基本的、主要的决定因素,(乙)并采用辩证的公式。这在某种程度上和某种情况下都能运用得很成功,但碰到另外一些事例,如处在同一环境下的当代艺术家之间的微妙而重要的区别,它就解释不了。这种学说在解释特殊艺术类型也往往很牵强。非马克思主义者也可以运用辩证原则,而不须要假定经济因素的普遍优先性。要能在艺术范围内作出愈来愈可靠的预言,我们就得对这里包括的一切因素了解得愈来愈深才行。社会-经济因素将是因素之一,但是在预测即将到来的可能性上并不一定有启发性。某些艺术也可以表现心理上更深刻的动态,和任何社会-经济制度都不发生关系。马克思主义批评家好象把历史过于简单化了,而且过于强调阶级斗争对艺术的影响。社会-经济因素肯定非常重要,但不总是决定性因素;也还有些相反的因素在起作用,从生理上的遗传因素到各种文化因素都会形成和改变社会-经济的模式。历史的研究表明在类似的社会经济条件下可以出现全然不同的艺术和艺术趣味,以及在完全不同的条件下出现类似的艺术和艺术趣味。要为艺术史找一个恰当的因果学说,必须把社会学的研究方法和生物学的、心理学的以及其它的方法,一并拿来用。极端的马克思主义看不起这种主张,认为是折衷的和混乱的。西方学者不承认这种指责,认为自己的多元主义主要是处心考虑事实所得出的必然结论。
The historical determinism of Marxism is to (a) pick out economic factors as the basic and major determinants, (b) and adopt a dialectical formula. Although this can be used with some success and in some cases, it can not be explained by encountering other subtle but important differences between contemporary artists in the same environment. This doctrine is often far-fetched in explaining the special types of art. Non-Marxists can also apply dialectical principles without the need to assume the general priority of economic factors. To be able to make increasingly reliable predictions within the arts, we have to understand everything that is included here more and more. Socio-economic factors will be one of the factors, but not necessarily predictive of the likely future. Certain arts can also manifest a more psychologically dynamic relationship with none of the socio-economic systems. Marxist critics seem to oversimplify history and over-emphasize the impact of class struggle on the arts. Socio-economic factors are certainly very important, but not always decisive factors. There are also some opposite factors that work, and from the physical genetic factors to various cultural factors, socio-economic models are formed and changed. Historical studies show that under different socio-economic conditions there can be totally different artistic and artistic tastes, and similar artistic and artistic tastes under totally different conditions. To find an appropriate causal theory of art history, the methods of sociology and the methods of biology, psychology, and other methods must be used together. Extreme Marxism looks down on this claim and considers it eclectic and chaotic. Western scholars do not acknowledge this accusation, believing that their own pluralism is mainly the result of a deliberation of the factual conclusion.