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人们喜欢吃米饭,是因为它的营养价值高,所含的蛋白质及其氨基酸最易被人们消化吸收。大米中蛋白质的含量为8％左右,90％是淀粉。而淀粉是葡萄糖的聚合体,淀粉中直链结构与枝链结构的比例就关系到米饭的质量。籼稻,直链的淀粉含量少,饭较软。山区由于温度较低,湿度较大,日照较弱,生产出来的稻米品质好,具有适中的柔软度、粘性和光泽,而且光泽的外观也晶莹油亮,故有“高山出好米”之说。在南方,早稻米含直链淀粉较高,食品较差,可是,它的胀性大,出饭多;晚稻米的直链淀粉较低,食味较好,可是胀性差些,出饭也少;至于糯米,它的直链淀粉含量很低,食味也更香更甜,但粘性大,出饭少,食入腹中有胀性,胃病患者不宜多食。随着生产水平的不断提高,人们在吃饱的基础上,又要求吃好。因此,出现了“优质米”。所谓优质米,对消费者来说,要求大米外观好看,米饭好吃。外观好看,一般指米粒中长或细长(硬米较圆),而且整齐、腹白小,米粒透明,有油质光泽。米饭好吃,一般指柔软可口、微带粘性,松而不硬,有口性,而且冷不回生,又无农药残毒。用老百姓的话说,就是“细长长,雪白白,亮晶晶,香喷喷”。
People like to eat rice because of its high nutritional value, which contains the most easily digested proteins and their amino acids. The protein content of rice is about 8%, 90% is starch. Starch is a polymer of glucose. The ratio of linear structure to branched structure in starch is related to the quality of rice. Indica rice, linear starch content is less, the rice is softer. Due to the lower temperature and humidity in the mountainous area, the sunshine is weaker and the rice produced is of good quality with moderate softness, stickiness and luster, and the appearance of luster is crystal clear. In the south, early rice has high amylose content and poor food quality. However, it has a large swelling capacity and a large amount of rice. Late amylose has a lower amylose content and better taste and taste, but its expansion is worse, As for glutinous rice, its amylose content is very low, the taste is even more sweet and sweet, but the stickiness is large, and the meal is less, there is swelling in the abdomen, stomach patients should not eat more. With the continuous improvement of production levels, people eat on the basis of the requirements of eating well. Therefore, the emergence of “high quality rice.” The so-called high-quality rice, for consumers, requires good-looking appearance of rice, rice delicious. Look good, generally refers to the grain in the long or slender (hard rice round), and tidy, belly white small, transparent rice, oil luster. Rice is delicious, generally refers to soft and delicious, microstrip sticky, loose and not hard, there is a mouth, and the cold does not come back, nor pesticide residue. In the words of ordinary people, is “slender, white, shiny, fragrant.”