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编者语：看似对简单形容词的考查，但是，针对形容词的几种特殊形式，你是否在解题中出现过障碍呢？本文将化解你在解答这类题中的思维障碍，不再为形容词的考查而丢分。
五类特殊的adj.
1. 不能用作定语的adj。 如：(1) afraid, ashamed, asleep, awake, alike, alive, alone等。(2) well, worth, content等。这类adj.常作表语，但亦可用作后置定语或状语。
【高考真题】
The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when ______ and in her dreams. （2007年高考全国卷Ⅰ）
A. asleep B. away
C. around D. awake
答案是D。根据语境知在她醒着的时候和梦里。本句awake表示“醒着”作表语为 when she was awake的省略,故D正确。
2. 无比较等级的adj。 如：(1) 表示“完全”等意义的有excellent，perfect，universal等。(2)表示“极限”等意义的有extreme，junior， senior等。(3) 表示“形状”等意义的有straight，hollow，round 等。(4) 表示“独一”等意义的有only，single，unique, 等这类adj.一般无比较结构，不用于人和事物的比较。
3. 以副词后缀-ly结尾的adj。通常有三种情况：(1) n.+ -ly = adj. 如: friendly，motherly，homely，weekly 等。（2） v.+ -ly = adj. 如: lively，lovely，likely等。(3) adj.+ -ly = adj. 如: lonely。这类adj.使用时当心不要误当作 adv.。
【高考真题】
Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally _______. （2006年高考福建卷）
A. friendly B. various
C. common D. changeable
答案是A。根据句意：因为绿色食品是环保的，所以越来越受人喜爱。表示“环保的”时，environmentally 修饰 friendly，即对环境有益的，故A正确。
4．分词化的adj。 这类词有一个共同的特点：即大多数与人的心理品质有关，词根皆为v.,而且，v-ing表示“令人怎样”，常修饰物; v-ed （1） 表示“人感到怎样”；常修饰人。例如：astonished / astonishing, disappointed / disappointing, excited / exciting, frightened / frightening等。（2）另一种v-ed表示动作的状态，如seated / lost / caught / located / stationed / dressed等。
Please remain _______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（2007年高考山东卷）
A. to seat B. to be seated
C. seating D. seated
答案是D。根据句意:请继续坐着直到飞机完全降落。seated表示状态, 故D正确。
5.不定 adj。 如: some，any，many，much，little，few，both，either，no，every等。
He has made a lot of films, but ________ good ones. （2007年高考北京卷）
A. any B. some
C. fewD. many
答案是C。根据句意：虽然电影很多，但是没有几部是好的。故C正确。
三种比较结构
普通adj.有三种常见比较结构。（1）原级；（2）比较级；（3）最高级。注意其构成方式不同，单音节词通常增加词缀-er, -est构成，多音节词前加more，most，双音节词大多和单音节词一样；不规则adj.需要专门记忆。
At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ________ Great Britain. (2005年高考上海卷)
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of
答案是D。这里考查了比较结构的一种，即A is + 倍数 + the + 名词（size / shape / height/ weight / colour, etc.） + of + B,表示A是B的多少倍。
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _______ it is long. (2005年高考湖北卷)
A. half not as wide as
B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as
D. as wide as not half
答案是C。这里考查了比较结构的另一结构，即：倍数 + as + adj. + as
Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if ______ , Mr. Liu. (2007年高考陕西卷)
A. not better than
B. not better
C. no better than
D. better
答案是A 。 本题的难点是既考查了比较级结构又考查了省略结构，原句补充完整为“if (Mr. Guo is) not better than (Mr. Liu)”,意为“如果不比……强的话”，故A正确。
注：表示倍数时，英语中通常有以上三种方法，即：①倍数+as +adj + as； ②倍数 + the +名词+of；③倍数+比较级 + than,请同学们注意识别句子结构。
高考中的三个难点
1． 特殊的比较结构
more than：(1) 后接名词表示“不仅仅”; (2) 后接数词表示“多于”; (3) 后接adj./ adv./ v.或句子，表示“超过”等含义并加强语气。
-Do you need any help, Lucy?
-Yes. The job is ________ I could do myself. （2007年高考福建卷）
A. less than B. more than
C. no more than D. not more than
答案是B。根据句意：这工作超过了我的能力。
比较：Bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。
The man is more than 40 years old.那个人40多岁了。
more... than：（1）表示不同事物或人之间的比较；（2）表示同一事物或人之间的比较。
Mr Smith owns _________ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005高考山东卷)
A. larger B. a larger
C. the larger D. a large
答案是B。句中 a collection of 为固定结构，larger than 为比较结构，二者结合即可选出答案。
no more than：（1）仅仅；（2）其他类似结构 no + 比较级 + than。
比较： Lincon spent no more than one year in school. 林肯在校仅仅一年。
Tom runs no faster than Jack.= Tom runs as slowly as Jack. 汤姆跑的和杰克一样慢。
the more... the more... :越…… 越……
The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him.我越思念他，越有更多的理由喜欢他。
比较: The more practice you have, the more progress you will make. 你训练的越多，你的进步就越大。
不用than 的比较结构：在特殊adj. junior, senior, superior, inferior等后 + to。如: This engine is superior to that one. 这台发动机优于那一台。
2． 多个adj.的排列顺序
This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. （2005年高考北京卷）
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
答案是A 。 此题明显考查多个adj.的排列顺序。本句意为：这个漂亮的小女孩是Linda的表妹。如果考生不熟悉其中规则，错误率极高。一般认为有下列方法，顺口溜①限（限定词）、描（描述性）、大（大小新旧）；形（形状）、龄（年龄）、颜（颜色）；籍（国籍）、物（材料）、类（类别用途）。顺口溜②限数描大形，年新色地用（分别参考①中含义）。③一般认为当多个adj.修饰名词时，adj.和名词之间有不同的程度关系，关系越密切位置越靠近，反之越远等。
I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _______ than John. (2004年高考上海卷)
A. more efficient a worker
B. a more efficient worker
C. more an efficient worker
D. a worker more efficiently
答案是B。此题与单纯性考查adj.的词序有所不同，因为选项中出现了冠词、比较结构等，而冠词、数词、不定adj.等属于限定词范畴，这本身就是语法难点，提醒大家注意。
3. adj.及其短语词义辨析：在每年的高考中adj.及其短语词义辨析几乎是必考内容。
This magazine is very _______ with young people, who like its content and style. （2007年高考湖北卷）
A. familiar B. popular
C. similarD. particular
答案是B。此题明显考查adj.词义辨析。根据句意:杂志深受年轻人的喜爱。短语“be popular with”表示这一含义。故B正确。
Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a ________ environment.（2007年高考湖北卷）
A. peacefulB. sensitive
C. commonD. stable
答案是D。本题亦明显考查adj.词义辨析。英语中表达“稳定的”含义时只有D,而本句考查“稳定的环境”，故D正确。
It is not socially ________ for parents to leave children unattended at that age. （2007年高考山东卷）
A. accessible B. adorable
C. adaptable D. acceptable
答案是D。根据句意：父母让儿童在那样的年龄就无人照应是不被社会接受的。而accessible表示“易接近的”，adorable“可爱的”，adaptable“适应性强的”，acceptable“可接受的”，故D正确。
John was dismissed last week because of his ________ attitude towards his job. （2007年高考上海卷）
A. informal B. casual
C. determined D. earnest
答案是B。根据句意：因为他对工作的冷漠态度导致上周被开除。informal“非正式的”,casual“冷漠的”,determined“坚决的”,earnest“热切的”,只有B项符合。
A new ________ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.（2007年高考天津卷）
A. normal B. usual
C. regularD. common
答案是C 。根据句意：开往天津机场的新班车线路二月前开放。normal“标准的”，usual“往常的”，regular“规则的”，common“普通的”，故C正确。
巩固练习
1. ________ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. SurprisingB. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
2. - Did you take enough money with you?
- No, I needed________I thought I would.
A. not so much asB. as much as
C. much more than D. much less than
3. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _______ water and electricity than ________ models.
A. less； older B. less； elder
C. fewer； older D. fewer； elder
4. - Which driver was to blame?
-Why, ______! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.
A. both B. each
C. eitherD. neither
5. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________ important are skills.
A. fairB. reasonable
C. equalD. proper
6. You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are ________.
A. unavoidableB. invisible
C. inaccessibleD. unavailable
7. I wish you’d do _______ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.
A. a bit less B. any less
C. much more D. a little more
8. Letterboxes are much more _______ in the UK than in the USA, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A. common B. normal
C. ordinary D. usual
参考答案：1. B2. C3. A4. D5. C6. B7. A8. A
[作者单位：江苏省丰县中学]
责任编辑：王 伟
五类特殊的adj.
1. 不能用作定语的adj。 如：(1) afraid, ashamed, asleep, awake, alike, alive, alone等。(2) well, worth, content等。这类adj.常作表语，但亦可用作后置定语或状语。
【高考真题】
The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when ______ and in her dreams. （2007年高考全国卷Ⅰ）
A. asleep B. away
C. around D. awake
答案是D。根据语境知在她醒着的时候和梦里。本句awake表示“醒着”作表语为 when she was awake的省略,故D正确。
2. 无比较等级的adj。 如：(1) 表示“完全”等意义的有excellent，perfect，universal等。(2)表示“极限”等意义的有extreme，junior， senior等。(3) 表示“形状”等意义的有straight，hollow，round 等。(4) 表示“独一”等意义的有only，single，unique, 等这类adj.一般无比较结构，不用于人和事物的比较。
3. 以副词后缀-ly结尾的adj。通常有三种情况：(1) n.+ -ly = adj. 如: friendly，motherly，homely，weekly 等。（2） v.+ -ly = adj. 如: lively，lovely，likely等。(3) adj.+ -ly = adj. 如: lonely。这类adj.使用时当心不要误当作 adv.。
【高考真题】
Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally _______. （2006年高考福建卷）
A. friendly B. various
C. common D. changeable
答案是A。根据句意：因为绿色食品是环保的，所以越来越受人喜爱。表示“环保的”时，environmentally 修饰 friendly，即对环境有益的，故A正确。
4．分词化的adj。 这类词有一个共同的特点：即大多数与人的心理品质有关，词根皆为v.,而且，v-ing表示“令人怎样”，常修饰物; v-ed （1） 表示“人感到怎样”；常修饰人。例如：astonished / astonishing, disappointed / disappointing, excited / exciting, frightened / frightening等。（2）另一种v-ed表示动作的状态，如seated / lost / caught / located / stationed / dressed等。
Please remain _______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（2007年高考山东卷）
A. to seat B. to be seated
C. seating D. seated
答案是D。根据句意:请继续坐着直到飞机完全降落。seated表示状态, 故D正确。
5.不定 adj。 如: some，any，many，much，little，few，both，either，no，every等。
He has made a lot of films, but ________ good ones. （2007年高考北京卷）
A. any B. some
C. fewD. many
答案是C。根据句意：虽然电影很多，但是没有几部是好的。故C正确。
三种比较结构
普通adj.有三种常见比较结构。（1）原级；（2）比较级；（3）最高级。注意其构成方式不同，单音节词通常增加词缀-er, -est构成，多音节词前加more，most，双音节词大多和单音节词一样；不规则adj.需要专门记忆。
At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ________ Great Britain. (2005年高考上海卷)
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of
答案是D。这里考查了比较结构的一种，即A is + 倍数 + the + 名词（size / shape / height/ weight / colour, etc.） + of + B,表示A是B的多少倍。
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _______ it is long. (2005年高考湖北卷)
A. half not as wide as
B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as
D. as wide as not half
答案是C。这里考查了比较结构的另一结构，即：倍数 + as + adj. + as
Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if ______ , Mr. Liu. (2007年高考陕西卷)
A. not better than
B. not better
C. no better than
D. better
答案是A 。 本题的难点是既考查了比较级结构又考查了省略结构，原句补充完整为“if (Mr. Guo is) not better than (Mr. Liu)”,意为“如果不比……强的话”，故A正确。
注：表示倍数时，英语中通常有以上三种方法，即：①倍数+as +adj + as； ②倍数 + the +名词+of；③倍数+比较级 + than,请同学们注意识别句子结构。
高考中的三个难点
1． 特殊的比较结构
more than：(1) 后接名词表示“不仅仅”; (2) 后接数词表示“多于”; (3) 后接adj./ adv./ v.或句子，表示“超过”等含义并加强语气。
-Do you need any help, Lucy?
-Yes. The job is ________ I could do myself. （2007年高考福建卷）
A. less than B. more than
C. no more than D. not more than
答案是B。根据句意：这工作超过了我的能力。
比较：Bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。
The man is more than 40 years old.那个人40多岁了。
more... than：（1）表示不同事物或人之间的比较；（2）表示同一事物或人之间的比较。
Mr Smith owns _________ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005高考山东卷)
A. larger B. a larger
C. the larger D. a large
答案是B。句中 a collection of 为固定结构，larger than 为比较结构，二者结合即可选出答案。
no more than：（1）仅仅；（2）其他类似结构 no + 比较级 + than。
比较： Lincon spent no more than one year in school. 林肯在校仅仅一年。
Tom runs no faster than Jack.= Tom runs as slowly as Jack. 汤姆跑的和杰克一样慢。
the more... the more... :越…… 越……
The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him.我越思念他，越有更多的理由喜欢他。
比较: The more practice you have, the more progress you will make. 你训练的越多，你的进步就越大。
不用than 的比较结构：在特殊adj. junior, senior, superior, inferior等后 + to。如: This engine is superior to that one. 这台发动机优于那一台。
2． 多个adj.的排列顺序
This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. （2005年高考北京卷）
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
答案是A 。 此题明显考查多个adj.的排列顺序。本句意为：这个漂亮的小女孩是Linda的表妹。如果考生不熟悉其中规则，错误率极高。一般认为有下列方法，顺口溜①限（限定词）、描（描述性）、大（大小新旧）；形（形状）、龄（年龄）、颜（颜色）；籍（国籍）、物（材料）、类（类别用途）。顺口溜②限数描大形，年新色地用（分别参考①中含义）。③一般认为当多个adj.修饰名词时，adj.和名词之间有不同的程度关系，关系越密切位置越靠近，反之越远等。
I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _______ than John. (2004年高考上海卷)
A. more efficient a worker
B. a more efficient worker
C. more an efficient worker
D. a worker more efficiently
答案是B。此题与单纯性考查adj.的词序有所不同，因为选项中出现了冠词、比较结构等，而冠词、数词、不定adj.等属于限定词范畴，这本身就是语法难点，提醒大家注意。
3. adj.及其短语词义辨析：在每年的高考中adj.及其短语词义辨析几乎是必考内容。
This magazine is very _______ with young people, who like its content and style. （2007年高考湖北卷）
A. familiar B. popular
C. similarD. particular
答案是B。此题明显考查adj.词义辨析。根据句意:杂志深受年轻人的喜爱。短语“be popular with”表示这一含义。故B正确。
Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a ________ environment.（2007年高考湖北卷）
A. peacefulB. sensitive
C. commonD. stable
答案是D。本题亦明显考查adj.词义辨析。英语中表达“稳定的”含义时只有D,而本句考查“稳定的环境”，故D正确。
It is not socially ________ for parents to leave children unattended at that age. （2007年高考山东卷）
A. accessible B. adorable
C. adaptable D. acceptable
答案是D。根据句意：父母让儿童在那样的年龄就无人照应是不被社会接受的。而accessible表示“易接近的”，adorable“可爱的”，adaptable“适应性强的”，acceptable“可接受的”，故D正确。
John was dismissed last week because of his ________ attitude towards his job. （2007年高考上海卷）
A. informal B. casual
C. determined D. earnest
答案是B。根据句意：因为他对工作的冷漠态度导致上周被开除。informal“非正式的”,casual“冷漠的”,determined“坚决的”,earnest“热切的”,只有B项符合。
A new ________ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.（2007年高考天津卷）
A. normal B. usual
C. regularD. common
答案是C 。根据句意：开往天津机场的新班车线路二月前开放。normal“标准的”，usual“往常的”，regular“规则的”，common“普通的”，故C正确。
巩固练习
1. ________ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. SurprisingB. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
2. - Did you take enough money with you?
- No, I needed________I thought I would.
A. not so much asB. as much as
C. much more than D. much less than
3. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _______ water and electricity than ________ models.
A. less； older B. less； elder
C. fewer； older D. fewer； elder
4. - Which driver was to blame?
-Why, ______! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.
A. both B. each
C. eitherD. neither
5. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________ important are skills.
A. fairB. reasonable
C. equalD. proper
6. You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are ________.
A. unavoidableB. invisible
C. inaccessibleD. unavailable
7. I wish you’d do _______ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better.
A. a bit less B. any less
C. much more D. a little more
8. Letterboxes are much more _______ in the UK than in the USA, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A. common B. normal
C. ordinary D. usual
参考答案：1. B2. C3. A4. D5. C6. B7. A8. A
[作者单位：江苏省丰县中学]
责任编辑：王 伟