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1、问题的提出从行为主体角度讲,目前我国颁布实施的卫生法律、法规的适用对象都是从事特定卫生相关专业经营的公民、法人和其他组织三大类行为主体。卫生执法实践中,经常会遇到对“个体工商户”进行主体定性问题。特别是《行政处罚法》实施后,如何界定“个体工商户”的主体性质更显必要。因为对其界定的主体性质不同,将直接影响处罚幅度和适用的处罚程序。《行政处罚法》第三十六条规定,在适用简易程序当场处罚时,对公民可以处以五十元以下罚款;对法人或其他组织可以处以一千元以下罚款。目前不论在执法实践中,还是在学术界对“个体工商户”的主体性质均存在不同认识:一种观点认为应将“个体工商户”按公民论;另一种则认为应按其他组织论。本文试对“个体工商户”的主体性质作初步的探讨。
1, the problem raised From the perspective of the main actors, the current enactment of the implementation of health laws and regulations are applicable to the object of health-related professionals operating in the civil, legal persons and other organizations of the three main categories of actors. In the practice of health law enforcement, we often encounter the problem of the qualitative characterization of “individual industrial and commercial households ”. In particular, after the implementation of the Law on Administrative Punishment, it is even more necessary to define the subject matter of “individual industrial and commercial households”. Because of the different nature of the subject defined, it will directly affect the scope of punishment and applicable penalties. Article 36 of the Administrative Punishment Law stipulates that citizens may be imposed a fine of not more than 50 but less than one thousand yuan upon a legal person or any other organization when punishing on the spot for the summary procedure. At present, there are different understandings on the subject nature of “individual industrial and commercial households ” both in law enforcement practice and in academia. One view is that “individual industrial and commercial households” should be based on citizenship and the other is that According to other organizations. This article tries to probe into the nature of the subject of “individual industrial and commercial households”.