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目的明确膳食因素对青少年骨密度的影响及其作用水平。方法选取河北省唐山市1 583名初、高中13~19岁学生,进行骨健康相关因素调查、膳食调查和骨密度测定。结果青少年超声骨密度的声波传导速度(SOS)均值男生为(1 542.7±19.6)m/s、女生为(1 539.8±20.2)m/s,均随年龄增长而升高,16岁开始男生SOS值高于女生;当每天饮用碳酸饮料<300 mL、奶类摄入200~299或300~900 g、水产品摄入50~99或100~350 g、豆制品摄入25~49、99~200或50~99 g、蔬菜摄入150~299或100~149 g、钙摄入50%~99%适宜摄入量(AI)或100%~200%AI、磷摄入125%~149%AI或100%~124%AI时,SOS值达到或高于95%医学参考值范围。结论促进青少年骨密度增值的膳食因素为不经常饮用碳酸饮料,充足摄入奶类、水产品、豆制品和钙,适宜摄入蔬菜和磷。
Objective To determine the effect of dietary factors on bone mineral density in adolescents and their effects. Methods A total of 1 583 junior and senior high school students from 13 to 19 years old were enrolled in Tangshan City, Hebei Province for the investigation of bone health related factors, dietary survey and bone mineral density measurement. Results The mean value of SOS of young people was (1 542.7 ± 19.6) m / s for boys and (1539.8 ± 20.2) m / s for girls, all increased with age When the daily consumption of carbonated drinks <300 mL, milk intake of 200 to 299 or 300 to 900 g, aquatic products intake of 50 to 99 or 100 to 350 g, soy products intake of 25 to 49,99 ~ 200 or 50-99 g, 150-299 or 100-149 g for vegetables, 50-99% for intakes of calcium (AI) or 100% -200% for calcium, and 125- 149% for phosphorus SOS values at or above the 95% medical reference range for AI or 100% to 124% AI. Conclusion The dietary factors that promote the increase of bone mineral density in adolescents are the consumption of carbonated drinks, adequate intake of dairy products, aquatic products, soy products and calcium, suitable for the intake of vegetables and phosphorus.