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2013年在辽宁省昌图县设秸秆还田和不同施氮量两个因素试验,探讨秸秆还田与施氮量对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田与不同施氮量对春玉米产量影响显著,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田表现为增产,但玉米产量未随着施氮量的增加而增加;秸秆还田对土壤温度有明显影响,其中0~10 cm和11~20 cm处地温整个生育期平均温度分别增加0.5℃左右;秸秆还田能降低土壤容重,在收获期5~10 cm、25~30 cm和45~50cm处的土壤容重分别比秸秆不还田低3.76%、2.61%和1.32%;土壤平均含水量秸秆还田处理比秸秆不还田处理的土壤含水量低14.59%。综合分析认为,秸秆还田量为9 000 kg/hm2(全量还田)和配施氮(纯氮)112.5 kg/hm2是辽西北地区比较理想的秸秆还田模式。
In 2013, two factors, straw returning and nitrogen application, were set up in Changtu County, Liaoning Province to study the effects of straw returning and nitrogen application rate on spring maize yield and soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the straw yield and nitrogen application had significant effects on the yield of spring maize. The straw yield was higher than that without straw, but the corn yield did not increase with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The average temperature of 0 ~ 10 cm and 11 ~ 20 cm of soil temperature during the whole growth period increased by about 0.5 ℃, respectively. Straw returning reduced the soil bulk density. During the harvesting period of 5 ~ 10 cm, 25 ~ 30 cm and 45 ~ The soil bulk density at 50 cm was 3.76%, 2.61% and 1.32% respectively lower than that without straw. Soil average water content was lower by 14.59% than straw without soil treatment. According to the comprehensive analysis, straw returning amount of 9 000 kg / hm2 (returning full amount of soil) and applying nitrogen (pure nitrogen) of 112.5 kg / hm2 are the ideal straw returning patterns in northwestern Liaoning.