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经7年研究,由数以万计不同类型小麦杂交组合中,鉴定、筛选、培育出五种类型具有小麦无融合生殖特性的基因型。①多胚基因,有三种类型:单鞘双苗型,即一粒种子长出的双胚苗来源于同一胚芽鞘;双鞘双苗型,一粒种子长出的双胚苗,具有各自独立的胚芽鞘;三鞘三苗型,一粒种子长出三个胚苗,三胚苗各具独立的胚芽鞘。②多雌基因,一朵小花内长有2—3个完整的雌蕊。③弧雌生殖基因,又称单性生殖基因,去雄套袋后,单性结实率为52％。④兼性无融合生殖基因。F_2代固定杂种优势,F_3代性状遗传稳定,株系内无分离,与对照冀麦24进行主要性状显著性测定无差异。⑤F_1代固定杂种优势,F_2代性状遗传稳定,单株间无分离材料,与对照冀麦24进行主要性状显著性测定无差异。上述5种基因的发现,将为小麦无融合生殖育种研究,提供有价值的资料。
After seven years of research, five types of wheat genotypes with apomixis were identified and screened from the hybrid combinations of tens of thousands of different types of wheat. ① multi-embryo genes, there are three types: single-sheath double-seedling type, that is, a seed of double-diphtheria seedlings grow from the same coleoptile; double sheath double seedling type, a seed of double embryo growth, with independent Of the coleoptile; three sheath three seedlings, a seed grow three embryos, three embryos each with independent coleoptile. ② more female genes, a small flower with 2-3 complete pistils. ③ arc female reproductive genes, also known as parthenogenetic genes, after the male bagging, the rate of seminal constriction is 52%. ④ facultative apomixis gene. F_2 had the advantage of fixed heterosis. The F_3 generation was genetically stable, and no segregation was observed in the lines. There was no difference between the two markers in the determination of the main traits. ⑤ F_1 had the advantage of fixed heterosis, the inheritance of F_2 generation was stable, and no isolating material existed between the two plants. There was no difference between the two groups in determining the significant trait of main traits. The discovery of these five genes will provide valuable information for the research of apomixis breeding in wheat.