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星形胶质细胞是胶质细胞的主要类型,对神经元突触间的信号传递和联系起到反馈作用,构成“三重突触结构”。在大脑发育的过程中,星形胶质细胞的代谢型谷氨酸受体介导钙离子波并释放胶质递质或突触发生分子,介导神经元.胶质细胞间的联系,但在成年大脑中,尚不清楚是否存在此信号通路。但越来越多的证据显示,当成年大脑处于病理状态下,成熟的星形胶质细胞也重新表现出非成熟星形胶质细胞的表型。星形胶质细胞表型的这种非成熟转变可以导致神经环路和突触的重塑。在本综述中,笔者总结了大脑发育过程中星形胶质细胞介导的突触重塑,讨论了成年脑病理过程中非成熟星形胶质细胞信号通路的重现,并重点讨论这些信号通路对病理过程中与脑功能改变有关的突触连接重塑的意义。
Astrocytes are the main type of glial cells, which play a feedback role in the signal transmission and connection between neurons synapse, forming “triple synapse structure ”. During brain development, the astrocytes’ metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate Ca2 + release and release glial neurotransmitters or synaptogenesis molecules, mediating neuronal-glial connections but In adult brains it is unclear whether this signaling pathway exists. However, there is growing evidence that mature astrocytes also reappear the phenotype of immature astrocytes when the adult brain is under pathological conditions. This immature transformation of the astrocyte phenotype can result in the remodeling of the neural circuits and synapses. In this review, we summarize astrocyte-mediated synaptic remodeling during brain development and discuss the reactivation of non-mature astrocyte signaling pathways in adult brain pathology, with a focus on these signals The Role of Pathway in the Remodeling of Synaptic Connections Associated with Changes in Brain Function During Pathology.