本文考察了中国 1990年以来的贫困和分配不均问题 ,并对贫困的减少进行了分析以显示经济增长的最大受益者。我们发现 :(1) 1990年代以来各种贫困线下的贫困人口都大量减少 ;(2 )经济增长显著促进了贫困率的下降 ,而同时不断增长的分配不均又使贫困率上升 ;(3)穷人在经济增长中的获益少于富人 ;(4 )我们检验了人力资本、经济增长和贫困的关系 ,发现在人力资本储备上存在着严重的地区不均衡 ,教育的分布正变得越来越不对称 This article examines poverty and inequitable distribution in China since 1990 and analyzes the reduction in poverty to show the greatest beneficiaries of economic growth. We find that: (1) there has been a substantial reduction in the number of poor people under various poverty lines since the 1990s; (2) economic growth has contributed significantly to the decline in poverty rates, while at the same time increasing inequality has led to an increase in the incidence of poverty; (4) We tested the relationship between human capital, economic growth and poverty and found that there was a serious regional imbalance in the stock of human capital and the distribution of education was becoming More and more asymmetric