革兰氏阴性杆菌感染引起的各种并发症,是小儿外科,尤其是新生儿外科的主要死亡原因。革兰氏阴性杆菌败血症、革兰氏阴性感染休克的特点是在患儿血流中有大量细菌,可出现多器官功能衰竭。一、诊断:病儿血中培养出革兰氏阴性杆菌就可诊断。小儿,尤其是新生儿的革兰氏阴性杆菌败血症的临床表现常不明显,多在病情急剧恶化或晚期才引起注意。因此对怀疑为革兰氏阴性杆菌败血症的患儿,可取其血标本直接用革兰氏染色辨认细菌。晚期病儿,白细胞计数可在5000以下,带状中性白细胞(band neutrophil)计数升高,血小板可 Gram-negative bacilli infections caused by various complications, is a major cause of death in pediatric surgery, especially neonatal surgery. Gram-negative bacilli sepsis, Gram-negative shock infection is characterized by a large number of bacteria in the bloodstream of children, multiple organ failure can occur. First, the diagnosis: Children with Gram-negative bacilli can be diagnosed. The clinical manifestations of Gram-negative bacilli septicemia in children, especially in newborns, are often not obvious and are often noticed until their condition has deteriorated sharply or later. Therefore, suspected of Gram-negative bacilli in children with sepsis, the blood samples can be taken directly to identify bacteria with Gram stain. Advanced children, white blood cell count can be below 5000, the band neutrophil count increased, platelets can be