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我们已经进入世界风险社会,日本福岛核危机再次用事实证明了这一点。世界风险社会中的风险如核危机具有跨区域性、全球性、不确定性、后果严重性、潜在性等特点,这些新的特点引发了人们关于如何完善国际环境法律责任追究机制的讨论。传统国际环境法律责任制度认为国家是国际环境法律责任主体,国家对可归因于国家的行为承担国际法律责任,排除国家对私人主体的私人行为后果的责任。但是面对世界风险社会,原有的国际环境法律责任追究机制已经不适应新的发展形势,我们有必要从责任主体出发完善国际环境法律责任追究机制。
We have entered the world risk society, and the Fukushima nuclear crisis in Japan once again proved this by facts. The risks in the world risk society such as the nuclear crisis have the characteristics of cross-regional, global, uncertainties, consequence severity and potential. These new features have triggered discussions on how to improve the legal accountability mechanism in international environment. The traditional system of international legal responsibility for the environment considers that the state is the subject of legal responsibility for international environmental law. The state has the responsibility to assume international legal responsibility for acts that can be attributed to the state and to exclude the state’s consequences for the private conduct of private individuals. However, in the face of the world risk society, the original mechanism for investigating international legal liabilities of the environment has become unsuitable for the new development situation. Therefore, it is necessary for us to improve the international accountability mechanism for environmental liabilities from the main body of responsibility.