目的了解高中生艾滋病预防知识、态度和行为现状以及开展艾滋病健康教育的效果,为制定预防艾滋病干预策略提供参考。方法整群分层抽取楚雄、大理的4所中学6个班级高三学生,由经过培训的健康教育者分别开展以同伴教育、大型讲座2种形式为主的预防艾滋病教育活动;活动前、后用同一份问卷对研究对象进行调查。结果健康教育后,学生大众艾滋病基本知识核心指标简称“国八条”的知晓率由83.5%提高到94.0%(P<0.01),对待艾滋病感染者的态度题目正答率均显著提高(P值均<0.01),更多学生选择远离毒品、避免性行为等正确的生活行为。健康教育前汉族、白族、彝族学生“国八条”知晓率、问卷优秀率、知识得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);健康干预后,同伴教育组态度行为总分显著高于大型讲座组(P<0.01)。结论对高中生开展预防艾滋病健康教育效果显著,健康教育的形式对教育效果有一定影响。应针对不同人群的特点制定相应的健康教育策略。 Objective To understand the status quo of HIV / AIDS prevention knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among senior high school students and the effect of HIV / AIDS health education so as to provide a reference for formulating AIDS prevention intervention strategies. Methods The cluster was stratified and drawn from 6 middle and high school students of Chuxiong and Dali in 6 classes of senior high school students. The trained health educators conducted education activities on AIDS prevention mainly in two forms: peer education and large-scale lecture. Before and after the activity The same questionnaire investigated the subjects. Results After the completion of health education, the awareness rate of “Volkswagen 8” was increased from 83.5% to 94.0% (P <0.01), and the positive rate of attitude toward HIV positive was significantly increased (P value All <0.01), more students choose to stay away from drugs, avoid sexual behavior and other correct life behavior. Before the health education, there were significant differences among the Han, Bai and Yi nationality students in terms of awareness rate, excellent rate of the questionnaire and knowledge score (all P <0.01). After the intervention, the total score of attitude and behavior of the peer education group was significant Higher than the large lecture group (P <0.01). Conclusion The effect of health education on HIV / AIDS prevention among senior high school students is significant. The form of health education has a certain impact on education effectiveness. Corresponding health education strategies should be formulated according to the characteristics of different groups of people.