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一、前言大环内酯抗生素(MA)类包括许多具有相同大环内酯骨架的生物活性化合物。从化学观点来看,这些化合物可分为几类:具有12、14或16员环的所谓“典型的”大环内酯类、多烯抗生素类和Ansamycin类。最近,又发现了不属于上述任何一类的许多新的大环内酯化合物,包括avermectins、milbe-mycins、nargenicins以及aplasmomycin、ooromycin、chlorothricin。本文综述了上面提到的“典型的”大环内酯抗生素类。这些化合物由一个内酯环和1～3个典型的糖分子所组成。大部分MA在它们的分子中都含有一个氨基糖部分。然而,有几种MA,如中性霉素、tankamycin、chalkomycin和aldgamycin不具有这种碱性糖部分。
I. INTRODUCTION Macrolide antibiotics (MA) include many biologically active compounds with the same macrolide backbone. From a chemical point of view, these compounds fall into several classes: so-called “classic” macrolides, polyene antibiotics and Ansamycin classes with 12, 14 or 16-membered rings. Recently, many new macrolide compounds not belonging to any of the above categories were also found, including avermectins, milbe-mycins, nargenicins and aplasmomycin, ooromycin, chlorothricin. This article reviews the “typical” macrolide antibiotics mentioned above. These compounds consist of a lactone ring and 1 to 3 typical sugar molecules. Most MA contains an amino sugar moiety in their molecule. However, several MA such as neutrophil, tankamycin, chalkomycin and aldgamycin do not possess this alkaline sugar moiety.