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【摘要】 目的:研究颈肩腰腿疼痛与心理因素的相关性。方法:选取2012年5月-2014年2月本院骨科符合纳入标准的颈肩腰腿疼痛住院患者121例作为研究对象,共填写心理评估量表121份。结果:得到有效问卷117份。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SCL-90统计指标中躯体化、抑郁、人际关系、强迫、焦虑等因子分较常模明显增高。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者抑郁情绪的发生率明显高于焦虑情绪,患者较容易表现为抑郁情绪或抑郁合并焦虑情绪,较少表现为单纯的焦虑情绪。结论:颈肩腰腿疼痛的治疗管理,还需要积极地关注和处理患者因疼痛而引发的心理障碍、心理疾病,不仅要重视躯体的疾病,还要重视患者的心理健康。
【关键词】 颈肩腰腿疼痛; 心理因素相关性; 心理治疗; 负性情绪
Study on the Correlation between the Neck and Leg Pain and Psychological Factors/WANG Yong.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(08):072-074
【Abstract】 Objective:To study the correlation between neck shoulder waist pain and psychological factors.Method:121 hospitalized patients with neck, shoulder,waist and leg pain in our hospital from May 2012 to February 2014 were selected as research objects,121 psychological assessment scale were filled.Result:117 valid questionnaires were obtained.117 cases of hospitalization of somatization, depression, interpersonal relationship, compulsion, anxiety factor in the neck,shoulder, waist and leg pain patients SCL-90 statistical index were significantly increased. 117 hospital incidence of neck, shoulder, waist and leg pain patients with depression were significantly higher than those of the anxiety, patients were prone to depression or depression combined with anxiety and less performance for pure anxiety.Conclusion:The treatment of neck shoulder waist pain management,and also need to actively pay attention to and processing caused by the pain of patients with mental disorder,mental disease,not only should attach great importance to the diseases of the body,but also attaches great importance to the mental health of patients.
【Key words】 Neck shoulder waist pain; Psychological factors correlation; Psychotherapy; Negative emotions
First-author’s address:Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang 615000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.08.020
笔者在十多年的骨科临床工作中注意到,颈肩腰腿疼痛患者,在经历了长时间的疼痛折磨、承担了高成本的治疗费用之后,开始对治疗效果失去了信心,开始对主管医生、护士表现出抱怨及不信任,开始对家人、朋友表现出不耐烦的情绪。从患者淡漠或焦虑、急躁的表现中,周围的人能够感受到患者的负性情绪。基于骨科、疼痛科医师容易忽视心理治疗而心理医师、精神科医师又对颈肩腰腿疼痛疾病不熟悉的现实问题,研究者对颈肩腰腿疼痛与心理因素的相关性进行研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2012年5月-2014年2月本院骨科的颈肩腰腿疼痛住院患者121例为研究对象,填写心理评估量表121份。
1.2 方法 量表测评前由医生向患者本人交待本次评估的意义,取得患者及其家属的同意及配合,医生先向患者说明填写要求,患者表示完全理解后,由被测查者按照自己近1周内的实际情况和自我感受,独立完成答卷(因肢体功能原因而不能亲自笔答者,由检查者或患者家属、朋友按被检查者的选择逐项代答)。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90:Symptom Checklist 90)、Zung氏自评量表(SAS)、Zung氏自评量表(SDS)评价患者的心理状况,本课题研究中要求研究资料真实可靠。
1.3 统计学处理 应用SPSS 11.5统计学软件对本研究结果和所得数据进行统计学处理。计量资料以(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验,计数资料以百分比表示,比较采用 字2检验,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 2 结果
2.1 一般情况 本研究最终得到合格问卷117份。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者中男63例,女54例,年龄21~ 90岁,平均52.8034岁,彝族2例,藏族1例,回族2例,汉族112例。从职业来看,农民的比例最高(84.6154%),从患者职业特点分析,农民的体力劳动量大,弯腰、负重体力活动多,易发生颈肩腰腿疼痛。
2.2 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SCL-90统计结果 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SCL-90统计指标的总分为(132.4103±42.1895)分,阳性项目数(25.2051±21.2496)分,阴性项目数(65.0513±21.0909)分,阳性症状均分(2.4891±0.8510)分,总均分为
(1.4898±0.4704)分。按因子分的分值大小排列,前4位因子分为:躯体化(1.7132±0.6872)分、抑郁(1.4675±0.5655)分、人际关系(1.4444±0.6004)分、
强迫(1.4256±0.5447)分;后4位因子分由最低到最高排列顺序为:恐怖(1.2274±0.4362)分、偏执(1.2573±0.3929)分、精神病性(1.3145±0.4381)分、
敌对(1.3786±0.5560)分,焦虑分值居于中间(1.3812±0.5239)分。与国内常模相比较,本研究患者的SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、人际关系、强迫、焦虑等因子分明显增高。
2.3 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SDS、SAS统计结果 根据中国常模结果,SDS总粗分的分界值为
41分,标准分的分界值为53分;SAS总粗分的分界值为40分,标准分的分界值为50分。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SDS的总粗分为
(45.3248±7.6212)分,标准分(56.5577±9.4762)分;
SAS总粗分(38.1111±7.1737)分,标准分(47.5647±9.0136)分,SDS总粗分、标准分均高于中国常模(P<0.05)。
2.4 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SDS、SAS阳性结果 (1)阳性例数共89例,占有效调查例数的76.0684%(89/117),其中轻度抑郁33例(28.2051%),中度抑郁14例(11.9658%),轻度焦虑3例(2.5641%),中度焦虑1例(0.8547%),轻度抑郁+轻度焦虑22例(18.8034%),轻度抑郁+中度焦虑6例(5.1282%),中度抑郁+轻度焦虑8例(6.8376%),中度抑郁+中度焦虑2例(1.7094%)。(2)阳性结果的前3位是:轻度抑郁、轻度抑郁+轻度焦虑、中度抑郁。(3)117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者中,伴有抑郁、焦虑情绪的比例很高,占76.0684%。轻度抑郁、中度抑郁分别有33、14例,而轻度焦虑、中度焦虑仅有4例,患者抑郁情绪的发生率高于焦虑情绪,患者较容易表现为抑郁情绪或抑郁合并焦虑情绪,较少表现为单纯的焦虑情绪。
3 讨论
颈肩腰腿疼痛患者的生存质量和心理卫生状况与正常健康人群对照有明显差异[1-2]。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者中,SDS、SAS心理评估分数较正常健康人群偏高,患者容易合并抑郁、焦虑的负性情绪,且抑郁情绪的发生率明显高于焦虑情绪,患者较容易表现为抑郁情绪或抑郁合并焦虑情绪,较少表现为单纯的焦虑情绪。究其原因,可能与患者发病后对疼痛不愉快的体验、经济负担加重、活动能力下降、社会交往减少、生活质量下降等有关[3-5]。
在临床工作中,笔者观察到,颈肩腰腿疼痛与患者的心理状况密切相关,患者如果不能正确地对待患病、精神紧张,可能出现更加痛苦的情绪体验,可能会影响治疗的效果,甚至自觉疼痛更加严重。颈肩腰腿疼痛疾病的不同种类,疼痛的程度可能不同,患者的疼痛体验也会有所不同[6-10]。总体来说,女性对疼痛的表现较男性敏感;不同的性格、不同的生活环境,疼痛的体验程度也会有所不同。以上提及的疼痛影响因素,也可能交织作用,共同影响患者的心理症状[11-15]。
颈肩腰腿疼痛的治疗管理,应包括医护、患者、家属、社会组织的共同参与和协作[16-20]。医务工作者在积极地使用药物、针灸、理疗、推拿、按摩、微创手术、传统开放手术等方法治疗颈肩腰腿疼痛的同时,还需要积极地关注和处理患者因疼痛而引发的心理障碍、心理疾病,不仅要重视躯体的疾病,还要重视患者的心理健康[21-25]。主管医生除了考虑调整常规的治疗方法,还要考虑心理因素造成的影响。因此,治疗者在使用止痛药等治疗的同时,还应该对患者的心理状况进行正确的评估,一旦发现患者的相关因子评分较正常人群升高、甚至达到焦虑、抑郁的心理评分标准,就要进行适当的心理支持治疗;即使心理评估表明患者处于心理的亚健康状态,也要及早地进行心理干预[26-27]。
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(收稿日期:2015-10-11) (本文编辑:蔡元元)
【关键词】 颈肩腰腿疼痛; 心理因素相关性; 心理治疗; 负性情绪
Study on the Correlation between the Neck and Leg Pain and Psychological Factors/WANG Yong.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(08):072-074
【Abstract】 Objective:To study the correlation between neck shoulder waist pain and psychological factors.Method:121 hospitalized patients with neck, shoulder,waist and leg pain in our hospital from May 2012 to February 2014 were selected as research objects,121 psychological assessment scale were filled.Result:117 valid questionnaires were obtained.117 cases of hospitalization of somatization, depression, interpersonal relationship, compulsion, anxiety factor in the neck,shoulder, waist and leg pain patients SCL-90 statistical index were significantly increased. 117 hospital incidence of neck, shoulder, waist and leg pain patients with depression were significantly higher than those of the anxiety, patients were prone to depression or depression combined with anxiety and less performance for pure anxiety.Conclusion:The treatment of neck shoulder waist pain management,and also need to actively pay attention to and processing caused by the pain of patients with mental disorder,mental disease,not only should attach great importance to the diseases of the body,but also attaches great importance to the mental health of patients.
【Key words】 Neck shoulder waist pain; Psychological factors correlation; Psychotherapy; Negative emotions
First-author’s address:Xichang People’s Hospital, Xichang 615000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.08.020
笔者在十多年的骨科临床工作中注意到,颈肩腰腿疼痛患者,在经历了长时间的疼痛折磨、承担了高成本的治疗费用之后,开始对治疗效果失去了信心,开始对主管医生、护士表现出抱怨及不信任,开始对家人、朋友表现出不耐烦的情绪。从患者淡漠或焦虑、急躁的表现中,周围的人能够感受到患者的负性情绪。基于骨科、疼痛科医师容易忽视心理治疗而心理医师、精神科医师又对颈肩腰腿疼痛疾病不熟悉的现实问题,研究者对颈肩腰腿疼痛与心理因素的相关性进行研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2012年5月-2014年2月本院骨科的颈肩腰腿疼痛住院患者121例为研究对象,填写心理评估量表121份。
1.2 方法 量表测评前由医生向患者本人交待本次评估的意义,取得患者及其家属的同意及配合,医生先向患者说明填写要求,患者表示完全理解后,由被测查者按照自己近1周内的实际情况和自我感受,独立完成答卷(因肢体功能原因而不能亲自笔答者,由检查者或患者家属、朋友按被检查者的选择逐项代答)。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90:Symptom Checklist 90)、Zung氏自评量表(SAS)、Zung氏自评量表(SDS)评价患者的心理状况,本课题研究中要求研究资料真实可靠。
1.3 统计学处理 应用SPSS 11.5统计学软件对本研究结果和所得数据进行统计学处理。计量资料以(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验,计数资料以百分比表示,比较采用 字2检验,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 2 结果
2.1 一般情况 本研究最终得到合格问卷117份。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者中男63例,女54例,年龄21~ 90岁,平均52.8034岁,彝族2例,藏族1例,回族2例,汉族112例。从职业来看,农民的比例最高(84.6154%),从患者职业特点分析,农民的体力劳动量大,弯腰、负重体力活动多,易发生颈肩腰腿疼痛。
2.2 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SCL-90统计结果 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SCL-90统计指标的总分为(132.4103±42.1895)分,阳性项目数(25.2051±21.2496)分,阴性项目数(65.0513±21.0909)分,阳性症状均分(2.4891±0.8510)分,总均分为
(1.4898±0.4704)分。按因子分的分值大小排列,前4位因子分为:躯体化(1.7132±0.6872)分、抑郁(1.4675±0.5655)分、人际关系(1.4444±0.6004)分、
强迫(1.4256±0.5447)分;后4位因子分由最低到最高排列顺序为:恐怖(1.2274±0.4362)分、偏执(1.2573±0.3929)分、精神病性(1.3145±0.4381)分、
敌对(1.3786±0.5560)分,焦虑分值居于中间(1.3812±0.5239)分。与国内常模相比较,本研究患者的SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、人际关系、强迫、焦虑等因子分明显增高。
2.3 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SDS、SAS统计结果 根据中国常模结果,SDS总粗分的分界值为
41分,标准分的分界值为53分;SAS总粗分的分界值为40分,标准分的分界值为50分。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SDS的总粗分为
(45.3248±7.6212)分,标准分(56.5577±9.4762)分;
SAS总粗分(38.1111±7.1737)分,标准分(47.5647±9.0136)分,SDS总粗分、标准分均高于中国常模(P<0.05)。
2.4 117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者SDS、SAS阳性结果 (1)阳性例数共89例,占有效调查例数的76.0684%(89/117),其中轻度抑郁33例(28.2051%),中度抑郁14例(11.9658%),轻度焦虑3例(2.5641%),中度焦虑1例(0.8547%),轻度抑郁+轻度焦虑22例(18.8034%),轻度抑郁+中度焦虑6例(5.1282%),中度抑郁+轻度焦虑8例(6.8376%),中度抑郁+中度焦虑2例(1.7094%)。(2)阳性结果的前3位是:轻度抑郁、轻度抑郁+轻度焦虑、中度抑郁。(3)117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者中,伴有抑郁、焦虑情绪的比例很高,占76.0684%。轻度抑郁、中度抑郁分别有33、14例,而轻度焦虑、中度焦虑仅有4例,患者抑郁情绪的发生率高于焦虑情绪,患者较容易表现为抑郁情绪或抑郁合并焦虑情绪,较少表现为单纯的焦虑情绪。
3 讨论
颈肩腰腿疼痛患者的生存质量和心理卫生状况与正常健康人群对照有明显差异[1-2]。117例住院颈肩腰腿疼痛患者中,SDS、SAS心理评估分数较正常健康人群偏高,患者容易合并抑郁、焦虑的负性情绪,且抑郁情绪的发生率明显高于焦虑情绪,患者较容易表现为抑郁情绪或抑郁合并焦虑情绪,较少表现为单纯的焦虑情绪。究其原因,可能与患者发病后对疼痛不愉快的体验、经济负担加重、活动能力下降、社会交往减少、生活质量下降等有关[3-5]。
在临床工作中,笔者观察到,颈肩腰腿疼痛与患者的心理状况密切相关,患者如果不能正确地对待患病、精神紧张,可能出现更加痛苦的情绪体验,可能会影响治疗的效果,甚至自觉疼痛更加严重。颈肩腰腿疼痛疾病的不同种类,疼痛的程度可能不同,患者的疼痛体验也会有所不同[6-10]。总体来说,女性对疼痛的表现较男性敏感;不同的性格、不同的生活环境,疼痛的体验程度也会有所不同。以上提及的疼痛影响因素,也可能交织作用,共同影响患者的心理症状[11-15]。
颈肩腰腿疼痛的治疗管理,应包括医护、患者、家属、社会组织的共同参与和协作[16-20]。医务工作者在积极地使用药物、针灸、理疗、推拿、按摩、微创手术、传统开放手术等方法治疗颈肩腰腿疼痛的同时,还需要积极地关注和处理患者因疼痛而引发的心理障碍、心理疾病,不仅要重视躯体的疾病,还要重视患者的心理健康[21-25]。主管医生除了考虑调整常规的治疗方法,还要考虑心理因素造成的影响。因此,治疗者在使用止痛药等治疗的同时,还应该对患者的心理状况进行正确的评估,一旦发现患者的相关因子评分较正常人群升高、甚至达到焦虑、抑郁的心理评分标准,就要进行适当的心理支持治疗;即使心理评估表明患者处于心理的亚健康状态,也要及早地进行心理干预[26-27]。
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(收稿日期:2015-10-11) (本文编辑:蔡元元)