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北京地处海河中下游,西、北两面环山,东南面向华北平原,属温带大陆性季风气候,降水量年际、年内分配极不均衡。夏秋多雨,春冬少雨 经常是春旱秋涝,既影响农作物正常生长,又给人民生命财产带来巨大损失。据历史记载,1368年至1948年的580年间,北京地区先后发生较大的旱涝灾害794次,其中水灾387次,旱灾407次。几乎是年年有灾,甚至一年多灾,先旱后涝,旱涝交替。解放后旱涝灾害也时有发生,现将1949年至1994年46年间发生在北京地区较为严重的旱涝灾害情况整理如下。
Beijing is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Haihe River, west and north on both sides of the mountain, southeast of the North China Plain, is a temperate continental monsoon climate, precipitation, interannual distribution is very uneven during the year. Summer and rainy, spring and winter is often dry and rainy autumn, not only affect the normal growth of crops, but also to the people’s lives and property brought huge losses. According to historical records, during the 580 years from 1368 to 1948, 794 floods and droughts have taken place in Beijing, including 387 floods and 407 drought floods. Almost every year a disaster, or even more than a year of disaster, first drought after the flood, drought and flood alternation. After the liberation of droughts and floods also occur from time to time, now in 1949 to 1994 46 years occurred in Beijing more serious droughts and floods are summarized as follows.