通过对比不同季节长江口水域温度和盐度的观测数据,深入分析了该水域温、盐跃层的季节分布特征和变化规律后发现:长江口水域的温度(热)层化现象一般形成于春季,并在夏季最为显著,进入秋季后逐渐减弱,而在冬季该水域的温度在垂直方向基本是均匀分布,显示出较强的垂向热混合过程。另一方面,该水域的盐度分布特征主要受长江冲淡水的影响,因此在长江径流量最大的夏秋季节盐度层化现象最为显著,春季较弱,而冬季在东北季风作用下,长江冲淡水的影响主要局限于沿岸一带,长江口外的盐度垂向混合较为充分。在此基础上对引起水体结构季节变化的动力机制进行了探讨,对于进一步了解主要营养盐和污染物在该海域的分布特征和输运规律具有重要的指导意义。 By comparing the data of temperature and salinity in the Yangtze River Estuary in different seasons, the seasonal distribution and variation of temperature and salinity in the waters are analyzed in depth. It is found that the temperature (thermal) stratification in the Changjiang Estuary waters generally occurs in spring , Which was the most significant in summer and gradually weakened after entering autumn. In winter, the temperature in this area was basically evenly distributed in the vertical direction, showing a strong vertical heat mixing process. On the other hand, the salinity distribution in this area is mainly affected by the fresh water from the Yangtze River. Therefore, the salinity stratification is most notable in the summer and autumn with the largest runoff of the Yangtze River, but weak in spring. In winter, under the influence of the northeast monsoon, The impact of water is mainly confined to the coastal areas, and the vertical salinity mixing outside the mouth of the Yangtze River is more adequate. On this basis, the dynamic mechanism that causes the seasonal change of water body structure is discussed, which has important guiding significance for further understanding the distribution characteristics and transport laws of main nutrients and pollutants in this area.