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摘要《英语课程标准》提出中学的英语教学应该做到使学生通过英语的学习,掌握学习外语的方法和策略,并且具有良好的学习心态,对以后更加漫长的终身学习奠定基础。积极的情感态度如兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合作精神等有利于学习过程和学习效果;相反,消极的情感如焦虑、抑制、过于内向、害羞和胆怯不利于英语学习。自主学习能力是终身学习的前提,学生在校学习期间的一个重要学习任务是学会如何学习,以便他们走入社会以后能够真正实现自主的终身学习。
中图分类号:G633.4文献标识码:A
0 引言
很多步入高中的学生,不能适应高中的英语学习,感觉高中英语难度大,考题灵活,学的和考的没有关系,一点成就感都没有。有的学生甚至在高中的半个月学习后就放弃英语学习了。这样的学生在我们南京中等层次的中学里是常常见到的。我们高一英语老师必须想方设法做好高一新生的英语衔接教学,努力培养学生学习英语的主动性和兴趣。于是,我在高中最重要的教学环节——高中阅读上采取让学生自己站讲台讲解的方法。
1 操作过程
(1)全班五十名同学按照学号顺序每人一篇,限时阅读,在课堂上用五分钟向全班讲解。每节课两名学生用十分钟讲解两篇,然后老师上课。
(2)对全班同学而言,每天阅读并理解两篇英语短文,完成后面的理解练习。
(3)每个同学有一本词汇积累本,及时记录并且记忆这些短文里的有用单词和词组,老师定期抽查词汇本和默写单词或词组。
(4)主讲学生在备课期间应采用多种手段或方法解决遇到的问题,如查英语词典、向同学或朋友求助、上网搜索、向老师请教等。
(5)在上课的前一天,老师必须和两名主讲学生一起讨论文章的大意、重难点、有用词汇、练习答案的解释方法等,在讲台上,注意教态、大声说话、提问,在做的过程中学习到很多实际的知识和能力。
(6)每位同学在上完课后用英语写一篇教学报告,总结出自己在这个过程中的感受、体会和得失,明确要改善和提高英语阅读能力自己需要做出的努力方向。
2 课堂案例
上课前三分钟,我就走进教室候课。这时两个主讲的同学已经开始在黑板上写自己所要讲解的短文的词组了。
上课铃响了,师生问候完毕。
Teacher: Now, let’s invite Windy to explain the first passage to us.
大家一起鼓掌欢迎。只见Windy从容、自信地走上讲台,大声地开始了五分钟的阅读讲解。
Lecturer: Thank you very much. It’s my turn to do the lecture today. Who is willing to tell us the main idea of the passage?
Student A: May I speak in Chinese?
Lecturer: OK.
Student A: 一个经常受到野象侵袭的村庄的村民要阻止大象入侵但又不能伤害大象。他们千方百计,想方设法,最后通过撒辣椒粉获得成功,大象不再靠近这个小村庄了。
Lecturer: Excellent. Now let’s check the answers. Question 1, Student B, please!
Student B: My answer is C.
Lecturer: Right. Question 2, Student C.
Student C: I think A is correct.
Lecturer: Yes, you got it. Student D, what do you think about the next question?
Student D: D is my answer.
Lecturer: Right. Student E, what’s your answer to the last question?
Student E: C, but I am not quite sure.
Lecturer: Any other opinions? Student F.
Student F: I think A is the right answer. C is a little far from the point.
Lecturer: Well done. Now read the expressions on the blackboard together. One, two, start.
All the students read loud:
for some timelie close to have a hard time cut down forestsat the same timeresult in disaster in some casesput up electric fencessucceed in doing something hit upon a simple way be covered with keep elephants awayback offdeal with
break the balance of nature
Teacher: Windy did a good job today. Now, David, it’s your turn. Let’s welcome David.
……
在两个同学讲解之后,老师及时给出评价:The two lectures today are very excellent. They spoke loud and kept calm. Their explanations were simple, clear and to the point. Now please remember to look at others when you communicate with them because it is very important to contact with eyes.
(今天的两个同学做得很棒。他们声音响亮,举止大方,解释简洁、清晰、到位。有一点,我们大家都要注意的是在和别人交流时,应该认真看对方的眼睛,因为眼神的交流极其重要。)
总结完了,我看看手表,过了十分钟。我开始上课:“Let’s revise what we learned last time. …”
3 反思
正如著名教育家赞可夫说:“教学法一旦触及学生的情绪和意志领域,触及学生的精神需求,这种教学法就能发挥高度有效的作用。” 还有著名教育家苏霍姆林斯基再三强调:一定要让学生“学会如何学习”。我发现在全班同学完成一轮教学以后,整个班级的英语学习氛围有了极大的改善。首先,同学们对英语越来越感兴趣,学习英语的积极性和主动性越来越强,英语成绩和英语知识的运用能力有了显著提高。其次,同学之间形成了友好和谐、互帮互助的良好关系,老师和同学之间增加了沟通和交流,师生之间和生生之间都加强了信任、尊重和友好。最后还有一点非常明显的变化,许多同学的个性和心态变了,变得活泼、开朗和自信,变得更加有责任心了。需要注意的是在这个过程中,老师一定要多帮助多鼓励多赞扬学生,特别是英语学习有困难和性格内向的。
对每个同学来说虽然只是短短的五分钟,但是大家都感觉收益非浅,都期待着下一次再上讲台。 于是,我们开始了第二轮,第三轮 ……
4 学生感悟
Report on my reading teaching (by Windy)
I’m lucky to have the chance to teach my classmates how to read and understand English passages. I have learned a lot from this practice.
When I got my task, I felt very excited and a bit nervous because I could challenge myself and I was a little shy. Then I read the passage carefully and did the choice exercises. I looked up new words in the dictionary. I found it so important to keep a good English dictionary. When I got some problems, I discussed with my good friends Li Juan and Shi Lin. At the same time, I also turned to my teacher of English for advice and instructions.
The class I looked forward to is coming. Just before it I wrote new words and expressions on the blackboard and stood in front of it. The bell rang and my class began. I collected my strength and spoke loud. I invited two of my classmates to answer my questions. They were so kind and clever and they did a good job. I managed to finish my task at last. My teacher encouraged and praised me.
I have really gained a lot from this experience. I become brave and confident. I learn how to help others and how to ask help from others. I also find it helpful to refer to dictionaries. I conclude that if we want to improve our English reading ability, we should do the following three things. First, we must have a large vocabulary and proper grammar knowledge. Besides, reading carefully and getting main ideas are extremely necessary. At last, we should read more out of class and enrich our knowledge and information in many different fields.
In all, it is a very happy and exciting experience for me. I once taught my classmates like a teacher. I will never forget it.
中图分类号:G633.4文献标识码:A
0 引言
很多步入高中的学生,不能适应高中的英语学习,感觉高中英语难度大,考题灵活,学的和考的没有关系,一点成就感都没有。有的学生甚至在高中的半个月学习后就放弃英语学习了。这样的学生在我们南京中等层次的中学里是常常见到的。我们高一英语老师必须想方设法做好高一新生的英语衔接教学,努力培养学生学习英语的主动性和兴趣。于是,我在高中最重要的教学环节——高中阅读上采取让学生自己站讲台讲解的方法。
1 操作过程
(1)全班五十名同学按照学号顺序每人一篇,限时阅读,在课堂上用五分钟向全班讲解。每节课两名学生用十分钟讲解两篇,然后老师上课。
(2)对全班同学而言,每天阅读并理解两篇英语短文,完成后面的理解练习。
(3)每个同学有一本词汇积累本,及时记录并且记忆这些短文里的有用单词和词组,老师定期抽查词汇本和默写单词或词组。
(4)主讲学生在备课期间应采用多种手段或方法解决遇到的问题,如查英语词典、向同学或朋友求助、上网搜索、向老师请教等。
(5)在上课的前一天,老师必须和两名主讲学生一起讨论文章的大意、重难点、有用词汇、练习答案的解释方法等,在讲台上,注意教态、大声说话、提问,在做的过程中学习到很多实际的知识和能力。
(6)每位同学在上完课后用英语写一篇教学报告,总结出自己在这个过程中的感受、体会和得失,明确要改善和提高英语阅读能力自己需要做出的努力方向。
2 课堂案例
上课前三分钟,我就走进教室候课。这时两个主讲的同学已经开始在黑板上写自己所要讲解的短文的词组了。
上课铃响了,师生问候完毕。
Teacher: Now, let’s invite Windy to explain the first passage to us.
大家一起鼓掌欢迎。只见Windy从容、自信地走上讲台,大声地开始了五分钟的阅读讲解。
Lecturer: Thank you very much. It’s my turn to do the lecture today. Who is willing to tell us the main idea of the passage?
Student A: May I speak in Chinese?
Lecturer: OK.
Student A: 一个经常受到野象侵袭的村庄的村民要阻止大象入侵但又不能伤害大象。他们千方百计,想方设法,最后通过撒辣椒粉获得成功,大象不再靠近这个小村庄了。
Lecturer: Excellent. Now let’s check the answers. Question 1, Student B, please!
Student B: My answer is C.
Lecturer: Right. Question 2, Student C.
Student C: I think A is correct.
Lecturer: Yes, you got it. Student D, what do you think about the next question?
Student D: D is my answer.
Lecturer: Right. Student E, what’s your answer to the last question?
Student E: C, but I am not quite sure.
Lecturer: Any other opinions? Student F.
Student F: I think A is the right answer. C is a little far from the point.
Lecturer: Well done. Now read the expressions on the blackboard together. One, two, start.
All the students read loud:
for some timelie close to have a hard time cut down forestsat the same timeresult in disaster in some casesput up electric fencessucceed in doing something hit upon a simple way be covered with keep elephants awayback offdeal with
break the balance of nature
Teacher: Windy did a good job today. Now, David, it’s your turn. Let’s welcome David.
……
在两个同学讲解之后,老师及时给出评价:The two lectures today are very excellent. They spoke loud and kept calm. Their explanations were simple, clear and to the point. Now please remember to look at others when you communicate with them because it is very important to contact with eyes.
(今天的两个同学做得很棒。他们声音响亮,举止大方,解释简洁、清晰、到位。有一点,我们大家都要注意的是在和别人交流时,应该认真看对方的眼睛,因为眼神的交流极其重要。)
总结完了,我看看手表,过了十分钟。我开始上课:“Let’s revise what we learned last time. …”
3 反思
正如著名教育家赞可夫说:“教学法一旦触及学生的情绪和意志领域,触及学生的精神需求,这种教学法就能发挥高度有效的作用。” 还有著名教育家苏霍姆林斯基再三强调:一定要让学生“学会如何学习”。我发现在全班同学完成一轮教学以后,整个班级的英语学习氛围有了极大的改善。首先,同学们对英语越来越感兴趣,学习英语的积极性和主动性越来越强,英语成绩和英语知识的运用能力有了显著提高。其次,同学之间形成了友好和谐、互帮互助的良好关系,老师和同学之间增加了沟通和交流,师生之间和生生之间都加强了信任、尊重和友好。最后还有一点非常明显的变化,许多同学的个性和心态变了,变得活泼、开朗和自信,变得更加有责任心了。需要注意的是在这个过程中,老师一定要多帮助多鼓励多赞扬学生,特别是英语学习有困难和性格内向的。
对每个同学来说虽然只是短短的五分钟,但是大家都感觉收益非浅,都期待着下一次再上讲台。 于是,我们开始了第二轮,第三轮 ……
4 学生感悟
Report on my reading teaching (by Windy)
I’m lucky to have the chance to teach my classmates how to read and understand English passages. I have learned a lot from this practice.
When I got my task, I felt very excited and a bit nervous because I could challenge myself and I was a little shy. Then I read the passage carefully and did the choice exercises. I looked up new words in the dictionary. I found it so important to keep a good English dictionary. When I got some problems, I discussed with my good friends Li Juan and Shi Lin. At the same time, I also turned to my teacher of English for advice and instructions.
The class I looked forward to is coming. Just before it I wrote new words and expressions on the blackboard and stood in front of it. The bell rang and my class began. I collected my strength and spoke loud. I invited two of my classmates to answer my questions. They were so kind and clever and they did a good job. I managed to finish my task at last. My teacher encouraged and praised me.
I have really gained a lot from this experience. I become brave and confident. I learn how to help others and how to ask help from others. I also find it helpful to refer to dictionaries. I conclude that if we want to improve our English reading ability, we should do the following three things. First, we must have a large vocabulary and proper grammar knowledge. Besides, reading carefully and getting main ideas are extremely necessary. At last, we should read more out of class and enrich our knowledge and information in many different fields.
In all, it is a very happy and exciting experience for me. I once taught my classmates like a teacher. I will never forget it.