远端缺血预处理是近年来发现可以保护脑组织的一种方法，这一保护作用可能是通过神经通路、体液传导或者神经-体液共同作用传导的。脑保护的分子机制可能与ATP敏感的线粒体钾通道、有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白、诱导型一氧化氮合酶、大麻素受体等有关。文章阐述了远端缺血预处理对脑保护的作用机制，以及可能的临床应用方向。“,”In recent years, remote ischemic preconditioning is found as a novel way to protect the brain, which may be achieved through nerve pathways, humoral factors or nerve-humoral interaction. The molecular mechanisms for the protection might be related to mitochondria ATP-sensitive potassium channel, mitogen-activated protection kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, including nitric oxide synthase and cannabinoid receptors. The aim of this review is to explain the mechanism of action of remote ischemic preconditioning on brain protection, as well as the possible direction of clinical application.