多年来,国有大中型企业始终面临着两大问题的困扰,一是发展没有资金;二是经营乏活力。企业向国家一直呼吁要“放水养鱼”、“松绳跑马”,其核心目的就是要提高企业自我发展能力,落实经营自主权。国家也采取了“让利放权”等一系列改革措施,力图使国有大中型企业增加活力,摆脱困扰。但实践的结果并不尽人意,因为牺牲国家财政为企业让利毕意是有限度的,产权关系不明晰,也不可能真正做到政企分开,结果是国有企业在国 Over the years, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises have always faced two major problems. One is the lack of funds for development; the other is the lack of vitality in operations. Businesses have been calling for “fishing and fish farming” and “southern running.” The core purpose of the company is to improve the self-development ability of enterprises and to implement the autonomy of management. The state has also adopted a series of reform measures such as “letting interest decentralize” to increase the vitality of state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises and free them from difficulties. However, the results of the practice are not satisfactory, because at the expense of national finances, there is a limit to business concessions, the property rights relationship is not clear, and it is impossible to truly separate the government and enterprises. The result is that the state-owned enterprises are in the country.