小麦(Triticum aestivum)穗突变体SDA1是由隐性多效性单基因小麦穗发育异常基因1(Triticum aestivum spike development atrophy 1,Ta SDA1)控制的小麦突变体,表现为穗部发育萎缩不结实、叶片变窄、植株变矮等。为进一步了解Ta SDA1基因发生突变的机制,本研究以小麦穗突变体SDA1与野生型为材料,进行主要农艺性状如抽穗期、株高、旗叶长宽、穗长、小穗数调查,并对小麦抽穗期叶片总蛋白进行双向电泳(two-dimensional electrophoresis,2-DE),对差异蛋白质点进行质谱分析和q RT-PCR验证。结果表明,SDA1的主要农艺性状存在显著性差异;利用PDQuest8.0.1软件分析得到27个差异蛋白,有23个质谱检测成功,其中有6个蛋白在SDA1中缺失,17个蛋白在SDA1中表达下调;q RT-PCR检测结果与差异蛋白质谱检测结果一致。在SDA1中,23个质谱成功的差异蛋白主要包括5个光合作用中核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,Rubisco)全酶的大小亚基,4个(SSP7101,SSP7110,SSP7112和SSP8418)表达下调,1个缺失(SSP213);参与能量代谢的叶绿体中的甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶A(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A,GAPA,SSP8000)表达下调;具有抗氧化能力的过氧化物氧化还原酶(peroxiredoxin,Prx,SSP7320)表达下调;1个RNA结合蛋白(SSP1309)表达下调,导致2个翻译延伸因子(translation elongation factor,e EF-Tu,SSP4614和SSP4802)表达下调,最终导致蛋白合成受阻;参与抗逆境胁迫的蛋白(SSP3738和SSP5209)表达下调,SSP3719蛋白缺失。q RT-PCR验证结果表明,核酮糖1,5二磷酸羧化酶大亚基蛋白(SSP7101)、叶绿体Ptr Tox结合蛋白(SSP7303)、翻译延伸因子(SSP4614)、磷酸丙糖异构酶(SSP5209)在转录水平与蛋白表达结果一致。SDA1变异表型可能与旗叶的光合作用能力下降、能量代谢紊乱、抗氧胁迫能力下降、抗胁迫能力下降、m RNA编辑过程以及蛋白合成过程受阻有关。本研究结果表明,Ta SDA1基因具有多效复杂的调控功能。穗部和叶片的发育状况决定了小麦的产量,阐明SDA1的遗传机理将为小麦穗部和叶片性状的遗传改良奠定理论基础。 Triticum aestivum Spike mutant SDA1 is a wheat mutant controlled by the recessive pleiotrophic single-gene Triticum aestivum spike development atrophy 1 (Ta SDA1) Narrow leaves, plants become shorter and so on. In order to further understand the mechanism of Ta SDA1 gene mutation, the main wheat agronomic traits such as heading date, plant height, flag leaf length and width, spike length and spikelet number were investigated using wheat ear mutant SDA1 and wild type as materials. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) of total protein at the heading stage was carried out, and the differential protein spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry and q RT-PCR. The results showed that there were significant differences in the main agronomic traits of SDA1; 27 differential proteins were analyzed by PDQuest 8.0.1 software, of which 23 were successfully detected, of which 6 were deleted in SDA1 and 17 were down-regulated in SDA1 ; q RT-PCR test results and differential protein profile test results. In SDA1, the 23 differential proteins that are successful in mass spectrometry mainly include five photosynthetic ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (Rubisco) holoenzyme 4 (SSP7101, SSP7110, SSP7112 and SSP8418) were down-regulated and 1 deletion (SSP213). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (A) was involved in the energy metabolism of chloroplast. A, GAPA and SSP8000). The down-regulation of peroxiredoxin (peroxiredoxin, Prx, SSP7320) and the down-regulation of one RNA-binding protein (SSP1309) resulted in the increase of 2 translation elongation index downregulation of EF-Tu, SSP4614 and SSP4802, eventually leading to protein synthesis obstruction; down-regulation of proteins involved in stress-resisting stress (SSP3738 and SSP5209) and loss of SSP3719 protein. q RT-PCR results showed that ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit protein (SSP7101), chloroplast Ptr Tox binding protein (SSP7303), translation elongation factor (SSP4614), triosephosphate isomerase SSP5209) at the transcriptional level consistent with the protein expression. The mutant phenotype of SDA1 may be related to decreased photosynthesis ability of flag leaf, disturbance of energy metabolism, decreased ability of antioxidant stress, decreased ability of anti-stress, editing of m RNA and inhibition of protein synthesis. The results of this study indicate that Ta SDA1 gene has multiple and complex regulatory functions. The development of panicles and leaves determines the yield of wheat, and clarifies that the genetic mechanism of SDA1 will lay a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of wheat ear and leaf traits.