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目前流行于理论界的新古典一般均衡理论存在两大缺陷,而以马克思理论为基础的一般均衡理论又缺乏全面性和动态化分析。本文从马克思的价值理论出发,阐述一般均衡理论的价值基础、基本原理和实现机理,继而通过引入竞争和供求因素,构建基于资本流动和统一利润率的动态一般均衡模型,分析“资本量—产量—价格—利润率—资本量”的闭环一般均衡的动态形成机制。研究表明:基于资本流动和统一利润率的马克思一般均衡理论,较之基于供求均衡的新古典一般均衡理论,更能够揭示长期均衡的现实特性和资本关系的本质;“等量劳动创造等量价值”是马克思一般均衡理论的基本原理,是确保一般均衡解唯一性的重要条件;在完全竞争和资本趋利性动力的作用下,受价值规律和平均利润率形成机制的影响,基于资本流动的动态一般均衡模型是收敛的。
At present, there are two defects in the neoclassical general equilibrium theory popular in theorists, and the general equilibrium theory based on Marxism lacks a comprehensive and dynamic analysis. Based on Marx’s theory of value, this paper expounds the value basis, basic principle and realization mechanism of general equilibrium theory. Then by introducing competition and supply and demand factors, this paper constructs a dynamic general equilibrium model based on capital flow and uniform profit rate, Production-Price-Profit-Capital-Capital “closed loop general equilibrium dynamic formation mechanism. The research shows that Marx’s general equilibrium theory based on capital flow and uniform profit rate can reveal the real characteristics of long-term equilibrium and the essence of capital relation more than the neoclassical general equilibrium theory based on supply and demand equilibrium. Value ”is the basic principle of Marx’s general equilibrium theory and an important condition for ensuring the uniqueness of the general equilibrium solution. Under the influence of complete competition and the driving force of capital profit, under the influence of the law of value and the formation mechanism of average profit rate, The dynamic general equilibrium model of flow is convergent.