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目的了解深圳市大气污染对学龄儿童肺通气功能的影响。方法于2014年11—12月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取深圳市龙岗区和南山区各1所小学(A和B)3~5年级学生298人(龙岗区159人,南山区139人),进行肺功能检查和问卷调查。结果两区主要是大气污染物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和NO_2超过国家空气质量二级标准,位于南山区的B校周围PM_(10)、O_3-1h和SO_2平均浓度高于龙岗区的A校,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);南山区儿童FEV1/FVC、FEF75%和FEF25%均低于龙岗区,在控制了年龄、性别、身高、体重等影响因素后,空气污染仍对以上肺功能指标具有显著影响(P<0.01);南山区儿童小气道功能障碍发生率明显高于龙岗区(OR=3.744,P<0.05),但肺通气功能障碍发生率并没有明显差异(OR=0.754,P>0.05)。结论深圳市南山区儿童肺功能下降与大气污染有关,主要表现为小气道功能障碍,应继续加强对儿童肺功能的监测,并采取有效措施,保护儿童呼吸系统健康。
Objective To understand the influence of air pollution on the pulmonary ventilation in school-age children in Shenzhen. Methods From November to December 2014, 298 students (Longgang District, 159 people, 139 people in Nanshan District) from 1 primary school (A and B) in Longgang District and Nanshan District were drawn by random cluster sampling method. ), Pulmonary function tests and questionnaires. Results The main pollutants PM_ (10), PM_ (2.5) and NO_2 in the two districts were higher than the national air quality standards. The average concentration of PM_ (10), O_3-1h and SO_2 around B school in Nanshan District was higher than that of Longgang District (P <0.01). The FEV1 / FVC, FEF75% and FEF25% of children in Nanshan District were lower than those in Longgang District. After controlling for such factors as age, sex, height and weight, air pollution (P <0.01). The incidence of small airway dysfunction in children in Nanshan District was significantly higher than that in Longgang District (OR = 3.744, P <0.05), but the incidence of pulmonary dysfunction was not significantly different (OR = 0.754, P> 0.05). Conclusions The decline of pulmonary function in children in Nanshan District, Shenzhen is related to air pollution. The main manifestation is small airway dysfunction. The monitoring of children’s lung function should be further strengthened and effective measures should be taken to protect children’s respiratory system.