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《侵权责任法》第45条是对缺陷产品预防性除险责任的规定,具有产品责任法和产品质量法的双重性质,在产品责任法上定位为预防性责任,在产品质量法上定位为除险责任。缺陷产品预防性除险责任的责任人为生产者、销售者,“被侵权人”应限缩解释为缺陷产品的所有权人或者实际使用人。《侵权责任法》第45条的“缺陷”认定应采用双重标准,且应具有明显性,危险的程度应具有严重性。在承担责任的方式上,“消除危险”、“排除妨碍”和“等”分别是常见性、例外性和扩展性承担方式。缺陷产品责任生产者抗辩事由不适用于预防性除险责任,销售者“三包”责任抗辩事由则部分准用于生产者和销售者。缺陷产品预防性除险责任可以适用先行裁定,并在特定情况下请求替代性处理费用赔偿。
Article 45 of the Law on Torts of Liability is the stipulation on the responsibility of precautions for the elimination of defective products. It has the dual nature of the law of product liability and the law of product quality, and is positioned as a preventive responsibility in the law of product liability. The law of product quality is defined as Excuse me. The person responsible for the prophylactic exclusion of defective products shall be interpreted as the owner or actual user of the defective product for the producer, seller, or “infringer”. The “defects” of Article 45 of the Tort Liability Act should be determined by double standards and should be obvious. The degree of danger should be serious. In the way of assuming responsibility, “eliminating danger”, “excluding obstacles”, “” and so on “are common, exceptional and expansive modes of commitment respectively. Defective product liability producer defenses are not applicable to preventative liability insurance, the seller ”Three Guarantees " liability defenses are partially approved for producers and sellers. Defective product liability for precautionary removal may apply prior rulings and, in certain circumstances, request for alternative treatment of the cost of compensation.