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化脓性关节炎、坏疽性脓皮病和痤疮(PAPA)综合征是脯氨酸-丝氨酸-苏氨酸磷酸酶相互作用蛋白1(n PSTPIP1)基因突变导致的一种罕见自身炎症性骨病。由于常不被临床医师所认识，临床诊断困难，易误诊或漏诊。现报道一对双胞胎兄弟因反复出现发热及关节肿痛，多家医院诊断为化脓性关节炎，多次行关节腔切开负压引流手术及抗生素治疗无效。基因检测显示双胞胎兄弟n PSTPIP1基因存在杂合突变p.E250K (NM003978.3；c.748G>A；p.Glu250Lys)。最终诊断为PAPA综合征，经糖皮质激素治疗好转。n “,”Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory bone disease, which caused by proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) gene mutations.Due to a lack of awareness of it among clinicians, PAPA syndrome is hard to diagnose and easy to be misdiagnosed or miss-diagnosed clinically.In this paper, twin brothers with recurrent fever and joints pain were reported.They were diagnosed with suppurative arthritis by many hospitals, but after receiving the joint cavity incision operation with negative pressure drainage for several times and antibiotics treatment, their conditions were not improved.Genetic tests showed that the twin brothers had a heterozygous mutation p. E250K (NM003978.3; c.748 G>A; p.Glu250Lys) on the PSTPIP1 gene.They were finally diagnosed with PAPA syndrome and improved with glucocorticoid therapy.