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在文学的各种形式(包括生产、消费、写作、阅读等各种层面)发生巨大转变的今天,文学性这个20世纪初以来的学术化观念也同样面临着巨大的挑战,其中一个挑战就是新近兴起的“文化研究”热潮。单纯从文化角度对文学进行研究的确有将文学泛化的危险,然而忽视文学产生的社会生活背景似乎又不合情理。实际上,在我们这样来看待问题的时候,就还停留在19世纪对于文学和文化的观念之上:即仅仅将文化看成文学的外部背景,而所谓的文化研究则不是这样简单的描述,它是有其特殊目的的。一、文化研究1.文化:历史遗迹还是主体性自我显现的场所?通常我们看待文化的时候,会把它作为人类精神的历史遗迹,所以会用“遗产”来形容文化。而“遗迹”总是一个已经死去的、
Today, with great changes in all forms of literature (including production, consumption, writing, reading and other aspects), the literary concept of academicization since the beginning of the 20th century also faces enormous challenges. One of the challenges is the recent The rise of “cultural studies” boom. The study of literature from a purely cultural point of view does have the danger of generalizing literature. However, it seems unreasonable to ignore the social context in which literature produces. In fact, when we look at the issue in this way, we are still stuck to the nineteenth-century notions of literature and culture: that of simply viewing culture as the external context of literature, while so-called cultural studies are not so simple to describe, It has its special purpose. I. CULTURAL STUDIES 1. Culture: Where are historical relics or subjective self-manifestation? Usually when we look at culture, we will regard it as a historical relic of human spirit. Therefore, we will use “inheritance” to describe culture. And “ruins ” is always a dead,