什么叫“聪明字”、“聪明画”?什么叫“老实字”、“老实画”呢?董其昌论画的南北宗论讲得最为清楚:南宗的艺术家的画是“聪明画”,他是“以画为乐”的,即作为个人的娱乐,可以“一超直入如来地”;而北宗的工匠的画就是“老实画“,他是“以画为役”的,即作为服务社会的分工,必须“顾其术亦近苦”地“积劫方成菩萨”。具体而言,老实的画也好,书也好, What is “honest word”, “honest painting”? Dong Qichang’s works are most clear about the Southern and Northern Religious Theory: The painting of Southern Zong’s artist is “smart painting”, and his Is a “painting for pleasure”, that is, as a personal entertainment, can be “a super-straight into the future,” while the North’s artisans painting is “honest painting”, he is “to paint for service”, that is, as a service Social division of labor, we must “take care of its surgery is also bitter” to “plunder into Bodhisattva.” Specifically, honest painting or a good book,